TBK1 signaling also promotes basal autophagy in 8988T cells.

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TBK1 signaling also promotes basal autophagy in 8988T cells. TBK1 signaling also promotes basal autophagy in 8988T cells. A, images of 8988T-LC3-GFP cells pretreated ± 30 μmol/L CQ for 60 minutes, then DMSO control (Ctrl) or 5 μmol/L MRT67307 for another 60 minutes, followed by fixation. B, mean vesicle quantification in 8988T-LC3-GFP cells treated in triplicate with DMSO, MRT67307 (5 μmol/L), or CYT387 (5 μmol/L) ± 30 μmol/L CQ. Cells were fixed, imaged by ImageXpress Micro Screening System, and then analyzed by Cellprofiler for vesicle count and area per cell from six independent areas per well. Red, autophagy flux. C, 8988T-LC3-GFP cells were stably infected with three different TBK1 shRNAs and then treated ± CQ for 120 minutes in triplicate. Mean vesicle count and area per cell were quantified by Cellprofiler. TBK1 suppression in these cells was confirmed by immunoblot of TBK1 and β-actin loading control, shown in the inset. Shenghong Yang et al. Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4:520-530 ©2016 by American Association for Cancer Research