Development Perspectives:National Priorities and Global Commitments Presented by Deependra B. Kshetry At Nepal Administrative Staff college

Scheme of the Presentation Principles and Objectives of Different Periodic Plans Overtime shifts in National Priorities International Commitment made by Nepal Findings and Recommendations

Principles and Objectives of Different Periodic Plans Enhancing Growth and Employment in Earlier Plans Sectoral choice- Agriculture and Infrastructure Poverty alleviation, Inclusive Development Environment Protection and Climate Resilience

Principles………continued First three plans laid emphasis on production- agriculture and Transportation Fourth and Fifth plans focused on tourism, industry,water resources and infrastructure Sixth to eighth emphasized on macro fundamentals- institutionalization through political system, Basic need approach, Structural Adjustment policy Ninth and Tenth rested on Poverty Alleviation, Integrated Rural Development Approach

Shift in national Priority No more sector Specific targets- Fourth Plan introduced Regional Planning Sixth Plan intended to Institutionalise political legacy Seventh Plan emphasized on basic need approach Eightth plan incorporated Structural Adjustment program

Shift in….. contiued Ninth plan focused on Poverty Alleviation through reducing inequality- economic social and geographic Integrated rural Development Projects as main conduit Tenth Plan adopted maximum-minimum range of growth Aimed to reduce the poverty level to 30 from 38 percent

Shift in…. continued Eleventh plan- the interim three year plan concentrated on 3 Rs- Relief, Rehabilitation and Reintegration aiming at building a Prosperous, Modern and Just Nepal Twelfth plan touched upon the matter of graduting from Least to developing country status and Sustainable development Goals ensuring decent work and reducing poverty level to 21 percent Thirteenth plan affected by earth quake and Indian economic blockade, targeted 6 percent growth Fourteenth Plan- economic social transformation with high growth productive employment, judicious distribution

International Commitments Treaty of 1950 between India and Nepal allowed free movement of labour between two nations Under SAARC no tariff on import of agricultural products Current account of BOP is convertible as a result trade and services financing has stake on national reserves National Treatment clause in WTO claiming some stakes

Graduating from Least to Developing Country Human asset index greater than 66 as required being met with 69 by (13th plan) Economic vulnerability index required less than 32 attained 27 during the period National Income per capita to be over us dollar 1242 remains to be achieved ($ 1012 by the end of 14th plan) If any two of the three conditions fulfilled graduation is possible.

Sustainable Development Goals Basic motto “NO One Left Behind “. Goals 1,2, 6 and 7 relate with poverty reduction, drinking water, energy Social goals like universal literacy, basic health contained in goals nos 3 and 4. Gender equality , Good governance and social security are dealt at goals 5,10 and 16 natural resource management, climate change and international cooperation are dealt at goals 13, 15 and 17 Economic growth,employment, infrastructure development and urbanization can be found at goals 8,9,11 and 12

Federalism a Conduit for SDG Implementation Three Tiers Governments- Federal, Provincial and Local provided with Knowledge, resources and making them accountable Human resource both in number and capability is a matter to be considered Articulation in demarcation between representation and Implementation Sanctity in governance both financial and service delivery a challenge

Generalisations and Recommendations Hasten in signing international commitments compared to in house preparation largely remain weak Commitments that do not suit the economy and that claimhuge resource need better be avoided Resource needed for SDG accomplishment need be dealt with articulated acumen in planning and implementation practical works in implementing federalism including the financial federalism requires courage and conscinteous efforts of all stakeholders

Thank you