TNA associated with FD3-specific Abs. TNA associated with FD3-specific Abs. Shown is the TNA associated with pooled RiVax immune sera (FD1 + FD2 + FD3), the eluate from an RVEc affinity column (FD1 + FD2), or the RVEc affinity column flowthrough (FD3) fraction. The eluate is enriched for FD1- and FD2-specific Abs, whereas the flowthrough is enriched in FD3-specific Abs. The amount of RTA-specific Abs in the pooled sera, eluate, and flowthrough were normalized to 50 μg/ml prior to being tested in the Vero cell cytotoxicity assay. Error bars represent the SEM. Joanne M. O'Hara et al. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2013; doi:10.1128/CVI.00098-13