What is the optimal future architecture for spectrum monitoring? Focus Group 1A What is the optimal future architecture for spectrum monitoring?

Wanted a System That Scaled Could handle 500K devices/sq km in urban areas Could also work in rural areas

System of Systems/Hierarchy of Trust High Quality, Trusted Measurement Platforms Expensive, so sparsely deployed (1 per sq/km or less) Includes special purpose equipment that may even more limited deployment Medium Quality, Less Trusted Measurement Platforms Carrier equipment on cell towers, “volunteer” spectrum sensing from universities or others Lowest Trust, Measurement Platforms Cell phones, etc. Integrating information across these levels can yield pervasive and verified sensing capabilities Unanimity that something like this is the way to go forward

Looking More Deeply into the System Architecture System will likely need to support at least two modes of use Long running sensing activities Tracking noise temperatures over time Focused activities Locate the pizza delivery car using GPS blocker Not just restricted to passive sensing – active sensing via pinging also possible So system needs mechanisms for collection and reactive tasking DARPA RadioMap has shown one way to the do the reactive tasking for passive sensing in a platform independent way (can also do collection)

How Is Tasking Done? A range of choices Local devices work together to get job done Proximate controller in local cloudlet directs sensors in its area More centralized controller directs sensors over wide area Example of airport suffering GPS jamming Too many local devices for local coordination (passengers and their mobile devices) Coordination from a national center seems to remote Instinct suggests local cloudlet is just right Where data is stored and how it is shared (is an open question) Process most data locally to reduce backhaul capacity requirements and costs Rely on a set of criteria to trigger a push of specific data to a centralized place (e.g. passing the change of noise over time) Standardize the data interfaces of various sensors

Testing Driving with Applications Measuring noise temperature To get really good measurements need specialized equipment with limited sensing range due to front end requirements Specialized, trusted devices in selected areas around the country, whose data provides baseline/ground truth that can also leverage mobile self reported data Finding the GPS blocker in the pizza delivery vehicle Trusted device reports a GPS Can crowd source other devices to confirm that problem is not a failure of trusted device – and to find areas suffering the GPS failure Note: loss of accurate clock an issue – may need a GPS applet that one sends to devices when trying to find jammer which is robust to loss of accurate clock… A suggestion that the system of systems architecture should work Also highlights some of the challenges (e.g. define what problems to solve)

Final Comments This is not a solution Cost… It is a sturdy architecture in which many aspects remain research questions But gives confidence that this kind of infrastructure is feasible Cost… Varies according to density of deployment of trusted nodes and willingness of others to permit use of their devices $0.5Billion estimate for 1 trusted device per urban sq km (US telecom revenues in 2014 were $167B – so < 0.1% of annual revenue for such a system – easily repaid by better spectrum use)