AUTUMN 2 – GEOGRAPHY FANTASTIC PLACES. Rio and London Megacities Megacities are those which have over 10 million people living there. Rio Opportunities in Slums. Ethnic and cultural diversity - providing a huge mix of different religions, foods and customs. Community - the favelas have a good community spirit, co-operation and recycling of materials. Economic opportunities Favelas create their own economies, and recent improvements have allowed shops and restaurants to develop. Tourism - Rio is one of the most visited cities in the southern hemisphere. Challenges in the slums. Challenge Reason Employment Few job opportunities in the favelas. Poor transport makes it hard to get to work. Pollution Mainly from traffic in the city centre. Mountains restrict roads being built, so traffic is confined to a few roads. Housing shortage Rapid growth has led to many migrants living on the edge of a city called favelas. These are on poor quality land. Health and education. There are few schools and hospitals in the favelas, leading to higher spread of disease.

London Migration and London.  It is genuinely one of the most multicultural places on the planet with many different races, cultures and languages in evidence throughout the city. Internal migrants into London tend to be in the age groups 20 -30, whilst those who tend to leave are over 30 or children.  This means that generally people migrate into London for work; and leave when they start having families. How Urban change has created opportunities in London. Case study: urban regeneration in Stratford, London London’s docks closed in the 1960s, thousands of people lost their jobs. People left the area to look for jobs elsewhere. Between 1981 and 1998, the London Docklands underwent urban regeneration. Canary Wharf is a part of the London Docklands where expensive apartments, exclusive shops and large company head offices are now found. Stratford in the Lower Lea Valley lies to the north of the London Docklands. It had one of the most deprived communities in the country, where unemployment was high and levels of health were poor. The 2012 London Olympics bid was partly successful on the understanding that Stratford would be used during the games and regenerated for local people to use after the competitors had left. Benefits of the Stratford regeneration Social new homes will have been built in the park. Five new neighbourhoods, with lots of green spaces planned in, A new academy has been built, which is used to educate around 2,000 pupils between the ages of 3 to 18. Economic - Stratford is now a well-connected area of London, which allows commuters to travel to work easily. New jobs in construction and tourism have created a multiplier effect. Environmental - walking and cycling routes, the provision of public transport, the water-efficient design of homes and the protection of green spaces and natural habitats.