Ch. 11 (interest groups).

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 11 (interest groups)

What ARE INTEREST GROUPS, PAC’S, & LOBBYISTS? Organization of people that share a common interest or goal & tries to influence public policy PACs Organization created by a business, labor union, trade association, or ideological group that recruits members who donate $ for political campaigns to try and get that PACs ideologically-aligned political party candidates elected Lobbyists People who try to influence legislation on behalf of an interest group There are lobbyist groups for different businesses, unions, & other groups They have increased dramatically over the last 30 years and so has their ability to influence legislation (public policy)

What is the difference between an Institutional interest GROUP & a membership interest group? Individuals/organizations representing other organizations (GM, National Independent Retail Jewelers, National Association of Counties, American Council on Education, PG & E, GE, FedEx, American Medical Association, American Public Transit Association) Tend to be interested in ‘bread-n-butter’ issues of importance to their clients Membership interest group Organization of people who join a politically active group trying to influence public policy (Sierra Club – environment; NRA – 2nd Amendment; NAACP – civil rights for minorities) These groups are interested in advancing a political agenda that supports their public policy platform Solidary & Material incentive to join

INTEREST GROUPS & social movements? Environmental Movement Started as early as the 1890s (Sierra Club), continuing into the 1930s (Wilderness Society & National Wildlife Federation), & reestablishing itself in the 1960s/70s (Environmental Defense Fund & Environmental Action) Spawned a government watchdog agency (EPA) Feminist Movement Several feminist movements (1830s, 1890s, 1920s, 1960s) League of Women Voters (1920) – Equal Rights Amendment NOW – National Organization for Women (abortion, equal pay) Union Movement Late 1800s (Industrial Revolution) & early 1930s (Great Depression) Fought for higher wages, shorter days, & safer work environments Today, they comprise both private & public sector jobs

Regulating INTEREST GROUPS Over the years, interest groups have pushed the boundaries of what is acceptable behavior from a political organization (tactics & fundraising) Interest group activity is a form of political speech (1st Amendment) & can’t be abolished or curtailed There have been attempts to regulate it however… 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act attempted to force interest groups to register with Congress & report their financial records (ineffective - no enforcement agency to monitor it) 1995 Lobbying Disclosre Act Definition of a lobbyist…(p. 291; 1st column) Lobbyists were required to report what 3 things...(p. 291; 2nd column) 2007 Lobbying Reforms No gifts or reimbursement for travel costs