HISTORY

HISTORY YEAR 8 HALF TERM 1: Industrial Revolution Key Vocabulary: Industrial Revolution: 1750 – 1900 A time of rapid change in technology and productivity. Public Health: Protecting the safety and improving the health of communities through education, policy-making and research for disease and injury prevention. Cholera: An infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhoea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. Arkwright: Sir Richard Arkwright was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution. Factories: Factories grew during The Industrial Revolution. Inventions with speed and precision were built throughout the industrial revolution, which led to the rise of the factories.  Child Labour: Child labour was a common feature in industrial societies. Children as young as four years old were often employed in the factories and mines that developed during the time The 1800s was a time of 'Industrial Revolution'. The main changes were: By 1914, England had become a great trading nation with a worldwide empire, which covered a fifth of the globe 260% growth in population Change from agriculture to industry Move from domestic industry to factory work Move from water and wind power to steam engines Revolution in transport and communications, from canals and pack horses, to railways and the telegraph The growth of towns: In 1750, only about 15 per cent of the population lived in towns. By 1900 it was 85 per cent. This meant that there were far more people around to work in new industries but also caused problems because many more people needed food and homes. This meant that poverty was increasing. By 1900, London had 4.5 million inhabitants. The biggest other towns were Glasgow with 760,000 inhabitants and Liverpool with 685,000. Manchester and Birmingham had more than half a million people each. Much of the population had moved from the South-East to the industrialised coalfield areas in the North and the Midlands. Inventions and innovations: James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny (1764) and later Richard Arkwright's Water Frame (1769) and Samuel Crompton's Mule (1779) were spinning machines that all improved upon the quality and quantity of spun yarn. Large purpose-built factories were a new idea, e.g. Arkwright's Mill at Cromford, full of machines. 1837 - Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. 1837 - Rowland Hill invented the postage stamp. 1839 - Kirkpatrick Macmillan invented the bicycle. 1843 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel built the Great Britain steamship (using screw propellers). 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone. 1885 - Karl Benz invented the motor car. Additional information can be found at BBC Bitesize: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zvmv4wx/revision/9