Transdermal delivery of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A by pulsed current iontophoresis Stefania Pacini, MD, Massimo Gulisano, MD, Tiziana Punzi,

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Presentation transcript:

Transdermal delivery of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A by pulsed current iontophoresis Stefania Pacini, MD, Massimo Gulisano, MD, Tiziana Punzi, PhD, Marco Ruggiero, MD Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Volume 57, Issue 6, Pages 1097-1099 (December 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.037 Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Association of BoNT/A with cutaneous skeletal muscle fibers. A, After iontophoresis, BoNT/A was detected in association with skeletal muscle fibers (SM) localized in deep dermis; fibers appeared brown with staining. B, Details of skeletal muscle fibers; typical aspect of actin/myosin complex is evident. (A and B, Immunohistochemical reaction; original magnifications: A, ×40; B, ×400.) Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2007 57, 1097-1099DOI: (10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.037) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Association of BoNT/A with epidermis and adnexa. A, BoNT/A, after iontophoresis, was evident at the site of application (ie, epidermis) (arrow). B, BoNT/A was also associated with appendages such as the hair root (R) and sebaceous gland (SG); arrow indicates arrector pili muscle. Immunohistochemical reaction. (Magnifications: A, ×100; B, ×200 [+ zoom].) Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2007 57, 1097-1099DOI: (10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.037) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Terms and Conditions