Essentials of Geography The Science of Geography   Earth Systems Concepts   Location and Time Maps and Geographic Information Science For Next Class: Read Chapter 2 (pp. 36-44)

Current News and Weather https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49415973 https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/ https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ https://maps.weatherbell.com/

Earth’s Four Spheres Figure 1.8

Earth’s Dimensions Figure 1.9

Latitude Figure 1.11

Latitudinal Geographic Zones Figure 1.12

Longitude Figure 1.13

Great Circles and Small Circles Figure 1.14

Prime Meridian and Standard Time Figure 1.17

Maps, Scales, and Projections Map – a generalized view of an area, as seen from above and reduced in size Scale – ratio of map units to ground units Projection – process of transforming spherical Earth to flat map

Map Projections How to transfer data from a roughly spherical object to a flat sheet of paper has puzzled and challenged cartographers for centuries. Major Dilemma: Equivalence vs. Conformality Equivalent projection – equal area Conformal projection – proper angular relationships Every map projection is a compromise!

Map Projections Do you prefer a conformal or equivalent map projection? Why? Which is “more accurate”? Equivalent Conformal

Classes of Map Projections Figure 1.21

Passive and Active Remote Sensing Figure 1.25

Remote Sensing RADARSAT-1 GOES-12 Figure 1.26 Figure 1.27

GIS Model Figure 1.29

Feedback on Today Name one thing you learned today. What questions do you have?