a long narrative poem telling of a hero’s deeds that reflect the values of his society a collection of 12 books written in “high style” contains elements of myth, legend, folklore, and history

must begin with an invocation to the muse – p. 323 a statement of purpose – l. 20-21 develops the “epic hero” – the true hero is Christ Himself

Book One: The Fall of Satan Book Two: Satanic Council; Satan journeys to Earth Book Three: God prophesies the Fall of Man; Christ offers himself as a sacrifice for Man; Satan reaches Earth Book Four: Satan enters the Garden of Eden

Book Five: Raphael warns Adam and Eve about Satan Book Six: Raphael relates the war in heaven Book Seven: Creation of the World Book Eight: Creation of Adam and Eve

Book Nine: The Fall of Adam and Eve Book Ten: God’s judgment; Adam and Eve’s repentance Book Eleven: The Prophecies of Michael Book Twelve: Prophecies of the coming Christ; Expulsion from Eden

theme: “That I may assert Eternal Providence,/ And justify the ways of God to men.” invocation of the Heavenly Muse

“…in dubious battle on the plains of heav’n shook the throne of His throne.”

Against the throne and monarchy of God, Raised impious war in Heaven, and battle proud, With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky, With hideous ruin and combustion, down

To bottomless perdition; there to dwell In adamantine chains and penal fire Who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms.”

Satan’s arguments You will not die; I didn’t die. God is unjust to refuse you the fruit. God will praise you for your initiative.

Satan’s arguments Death is not a bad thing; it allows you to become a god. God is envious of the knowledge you would gain.

Eve’s response easily flattered associates innocence with ignorance succumbs to her vanity

Eve’s response worships a vegetable over God commits the sin of murder

Adam’s response His love for Eve surpasses his love for God. He knowingly accepts this sin and its consequences.

Nature shudders at both their sins. First time they are truly naked; bereft of honor and virtue. They become “savages” in their relationship with each other.