8 november 2019 Workshop “Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater” Summary and outcomes 2011 workshop October 13th 2011, Warsaw Groundwater aspects in the Guidance No.24 on River Basin Management in a Changing Climate (Klaus Hinsby/Hans Peter Broers/Ronald Kozel/Elisabetta Prezioso) which issues which are not covered with respect to groundwater? What issues should be taken into account in RBMP’s Organizing team Hans Peter Broers (Eurogeosurveys) Elisabetta Preziosi (IRSA-CNR, Italy) Klaus Hinsby (Geus, Denmark) Ronald Kozel (Bafu, Switzerland) Sophie Vermooten (Deltares,the Netherlands)

Goals of the 2011 workshop Aim: collect existing information and establish the knowledge base Policy requirements and knowledge gaps of the member states first step taking into consideration the guidance document 'River basin management in a changing climate'. Inputs from scientific results of FPVII research projects Genesis, WATCH, Aquaterra national research projects which address the pressures and impacts of CC on groundwater The workshop was used to share information and exchange views between member states and stakeholders aims to identify what the needs are for future work in CC and groundwater, both from policy and scientific perspective

Meeting program 2011 workshop First session: demands of the member states for having CC well incorporated in the 2nd and 3rd River Basin Management Plans Guidance No. 24 what is not mentioned but needs attention Second session: presenting knowledge that is currently available among scientists in Europe Europe wide CC aspects of groundwater: Case studies on CC and groundwater in EU member states Third session: wrap-up discussion how to match knowledge and demands, and make plans for a follow-up.  

2011 workshop outcomes What did we actually learn in 2011? 8 November 2019

CC impacts are potentially everywhere Control Future Dryer summers Netherlands Evidence that CC affects GW all over Europe, but with very different effects S-Europe: overall decreasing trend in recharge W, Central, Alps and N Europe: Changes is seasonal regimes => water scarcity in summers Snow melt earlier in the year Sweden, Alps Dryer summers western europe Length of recharge season Changes in land use to adapt to those changes Alps Other seasonal regimes Sweden

Secondary impacts count 8 november 2019 Secondary impacts count Pressures on groundwater systems tend to increase, Primary effects of climate change associated human induced changes of surface and subsurface water management (= secondary effects) Secondary impacts of are expected to have the largest short-term effects on groundwater resources. increase of water demands and abstractions of groundwater for irrigation water scarcity in summers Land use change may affect groundwater recharge and quality Intensification leads to increase in EP New crops may lead to different or increased pollution Energy policy (heat storage, CO2 storage, biofuels) 6

Increased pressures on groundwater Increase of competition between different groundwater uses Irrigation (more groundwater, less surface water) drinking water energy use (storage of heat, CO2 storage etc) Competition between uses and GW ecosystem services Base flow and Environmental Flow Needs Groundwater dependent ecosystems

Prolonged drougths and water scarcity Not only in southern europe

Salt water intrusion

Uncertainties addressed; uncertainties remain Uncertainties in CC scenarios Hydrological behaviour Response of society to CC (land use change for example) No reason for doing nothing Response of society (indirect impact) should be met in predictions Groundwater levels (m) Calib. Uncertainty 95 % CI Weather generator (2085) Alternative dowscaling approach

What we now know Is the results of research that started 5-7 years ago Is useful to feed the research results in the policy process Recommendations to make water management plans waterproof / CC proof Technical note on workshop results Workshop to define recommendations 2012

Lacking current Guidances , but recommendations possible (not complete) Much progress has been made since GWD and G no.24 How to take into account the cascade of uncertainties in modelling CC aspects on GW in decision making Assessment and monitoring of salt water intrusion Harmonised assessment of drought/scarcity situations in GW  Communication (do we have to take measures?) How to monitor effectively; what is necessary Adaptations (local, regional measures) Dutch cows, after adaptation measures

Lacking, needs further assessments Scenarios have to include adaptations Current scenarios mainly focus on primary effects: Scenarios should include secondary impacts !! How do CC influenced energy policies affect groundwater Very little is known on extreme situations (flooding, severe droughts, drought propagation to groundwater.) Effects of CC on GW chemical status and pollutant transport are unclear CC Effects on nutrients transfer between groundwater and lakes, estuaries and seas Importance of knowledge about behavior in the past Assess historical monitoring data and improve current monitoring strategies

How we have been moving forward Move forward in two complementary ways: Policy: Recommendations for 2nd RBMP’s for what we already know Technical note on outcomes of first workshop (released April 2012) Second workshop in Cyprus, Oct 8th 2012 dedicated to concrete recommendations on basis what we know now Different set-up: discussion in small groups heading for concrete recommendations Cooperation with WS&D and Agiculture and Water groups Science supporting policy: Promoting research for what we don’t know Manifest delivered to DG-Research Nov 2011 Groundwater mentioned in some FPVII calls (multistressor, toxicants) No specific groundwater call Research results should feed into 3rd RBMP

Today’s workshop Limassol 8 november 2019 Today’s workshop Limassol Aim: to make recommendations for climate resilient river basin management plans Recommendations on: programme of measures, management options monitoring strategies management of protected areas (DWPA, GWDTE) Groundwater resource management in relation to agriculture demands Different set-up: discussion in small groups heading for concrete recommendations

Meeting program 9:15 Start of meeting, welcome by Johannes Grath, co-chair of EU Working Group C on Groundwater 9:25 Introduction on the topics of today (Hans Peter Broers, Chair of the activity on Groundwater and Climate Change) First session: Reminder of the outcomes of the 2011 workshop, which sets the knowledge base for today 9:35 Groundwater aspects in the Guidance No.24 on River Basin Management in a Changing Climate (Sophie Vermooten ) 9:55 Outcomes of the 2011 workshop (Hans Peter Broers) 10:15 CC in the current RBMPs (Balazs Horvath) 10:30 General discussion of the anticipated outcomes of today and messages to the 4 groups which will separately discuss 4 main themes. 10:45 Coffee Break   Second session: presenting knowledge discussion on 4 specific themes. 11: 15 First round 12:45 -14:15 Lunch 14: 15 Second round 15:45 Tea Break Third session: : wrap-up: reports of the 4 groups and summary of workshop conclusions 16:15 Reports from the chairs of the 4 thematic groups 17:30 General discussion on the outcomes of the 4 groups 17.45 Closure (Balazs Horvath) . 8 october 2012