FEV1 and FVC for the control group (without noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), NIV with an inspiratory pressure (IPAP) of 15 cm H2O and expiratory pressure.

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Airway pressure and flow waveforms during constant flow volume control ventilation, illustrating the effect of an end-inspiratory breath-hold. Airway pressure.
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Air flow during ventilator-supported speech production.
Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Note.
Trigger delays and leaks.
The Spectrum mask incorporates the leak port into the circuit, whereas the Mirage mask incorporates the leak port into the mask. The Spectrum mask incorporates.
Flow chart of pressure support test and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Flow chart of pressure support test and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). The.
Several potential sources of error in esophageal manometry are illustrated in this transverse section of the thorax. Several potential sources of error.
Cuff-pressure changes after the addition of 5 mL and 10 mL of air into the cuff of 3 artificial airways, after initial baseline of 30 cm H2O established.
Even though this patient is undergoing positive-pressure mechanical ventilation, the first 4 breaths have a relatively negative pressure (ie, pressure.
Noninvasive ventilation-neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) where each patient effort is captured but support is insufficient (maximum electrical.
A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway.
An example of delayed cycling during pressure-support ventilation of a patient with COPD, on a Puritan Bennett 7200 ventilator, which has a flow-termination.
The third breath has a negative deflection (ie, below PEEP) at the end of the mechanical breath (arrow A) associated with a flow increase (arrow B), indicating.
Asynchrony index at baseline and following optimization of pressure support (PS) level (A), and following optimization of mechanical inspiratory time (mechanical.
Likert-scale agreement ratings regarding the use of extubation readiness parameters by pediatric critical care physicians. Likert-scale agreement ratings.
Characteristics of a pressure-supported breath.
Indications for ventilation in adults
The peak flows (60 L/min) and flow patterns are the same for all the breaths. The peak flows (60 L/min) and flow patterns are the same for all the breaths.
Ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragm thickness.
During this tracing of 30 seconds, the ventilator displays that the patient rate is 16 breaths/min. During this tracing of 30 seconds, the ventilator displays.
Trigger and synchronization windows.
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Pressure, flow, volume, and electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) waveforms from a patient on pressure support ventilation, and the presumed pressure.
Algorithm of the typical evolution of disease in patients with progressive neuromuscular disorders (gray boxes) and assessments and interventions that.
A 2-min recording showing periodic breathing, stable delivered pressure, and fluctuating oxygen saturation in a premature neonate supported by nasal intermittent.
Asynchrony index (%) during invasive and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) relative to leak level. Asynchrony index (%) during invasive and noninvasive ventilation.
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Graphic representation of a dynamic airway pressure scalar during volume control ventilation with a constant inspiratory flow. Graphic representation of.
Work rate as a function of pressurization rate and cycling-off threshold, during pressure-support ventilation of (A) patients with acute lung injury (ALI),
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Carbon monoxide (CO) delivery system used in animal models and Phase 1 clinical trials. Carbon monoxide (CO) delivery system used in animal models and.
Control circuit for set-point or dual targeting schemes.
Study protocol. Study protocol. Subjects with hemodynamic, respiratory, and neurologic stability and positive predictive index were randomized to 3 groups.
A: Scanning electron microscopy image of Bivona TTS silicone tube after 3 months of use. A: Scanning electron microscopy image of Bivona TTS silicone tube.
Control circuit for a servo targeting scheme (eg, Proportional Assist Ventilation). Control circuit for a servo targeting scheme (eg, Proportional Assist.
Inspiratory time in excess (TIex) with the 10 ventilators tested under 3 conditions: in the absence of leaks and with the NIV algorithm deactivated (L0NIV0),
This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child with obstructive lung disease due to cystic fibrosis. This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child.
Change in trigger delay during invasive (A) and noninvasive ventilation (B) with variable leak. Change in trigger delay during invasive (A) and noninvasive.
Using the lambda, mu, sigma method, the sigma and lambda terms allow the 5th percentile lower limit of normal to be independently calculated throughout.
Kaplan-Meier curve for the probability of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure relative to continuous use of NIV and stratified for Acute Physiology and.
Mean inspiratory work of breathing during assisted breaths and spontaneous breaths across the spectrum of ventilatory support continuous mandatory ventilation.
Flow, airway pressure, and transversus abdominis electromyogram (EMG) waveforms from a mechanically ventilated patient with COPD receiving pressure-support.
Schematic of mechanisms behind the better recruitment of alveoli with spontaneous breathing. Schematic of mechanisms behind the better recruitment of alveoli.
Plots of alveolar PO2, hemoglobin saturation, and alveolar PCO2 as a function of alveolar ventilation in a normal subject at sea level (inspired oxygen.
Components of a patient-triggered mechanical breath.
Determinants of patient-ventilator interaction.
Indications for ventilation in children and adolescents
Correlation between maximum inspiratory pressure and inspiratory load compensation (ILC) ventilatory variables in the 16 difficult-to-wean subjects, prior.
Ventilation protocol. Ventilation protocol. The PEEP group raised peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) through 5-cm H2O PEEP increments every 2 min while keeping.
Inspiratory load compensation responses before and after inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) in the unweaned versus weaned subjects, with a 10.
The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.
Number of ventilator starts (including both noninvasive ventilation [NIV] and invasive mechanical ventilation subjects) based on age and etiology of ARF.
Progression of spontaneous breathing trials administered during inspiratory muscle strength training study interventions. Progression of spontaneous breathing.
For inspiratory load compensation testing, this threshold positive expiratory pressure (PEP) training device was inverted and connected to a respiratory.
Delivery efficiency with different devices, ventilator positions, and ventilator settings. Delivery efficiency with different devices, ventilator positions,
Minute-by-minute means of breathing variables during the spontaneous breathing trial for the groups of subjects with trial success (n = 32) and failure.
Representative waveforms for each of the devices tested from which the oscillatory f was counted. Representative waveforms for each of the devices tested.
Presentation transcript:

FEV1 and FVC for the control group (without noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), NIV with an inspiratory pressure (IPAP) of 15 cm H2O and expiratory pressure (EPAP) of 5 cm H2O, and NIV with an IPAP of 15 cm H2O and an EPAP of 10 cm H2O. FEV1 and FVC for the control group (without noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), NIV with an inspiratory pressure (IPAP) of 15 cm H2O and expiratory pressure (EPAP) of 5 cm H2O, and NIV with an IPAP of 15 cm H2O and an EPAP of 10 cm H2O. Data from Reference 21. Dean R Hess Respir Care 2015;60:880-893 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.