Marek P. Ehrlich, MDa, Christian Hagl, MDa, Jock N

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Retrograde cerebral perfusion provides negligible flow through brain capillaries in the pig Marek P. Ehrlich, MDa, Christian Hagl, MDa, Jock N. McCullough, MDa, Ning Zhang, MDa, Howard Shiang, DVMa, Carol Bodian, DrPHb, Randall B. Griepp, MDa The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 122, Issue 2, Pages 331-338 (August 2001) DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2001.115244 Copyright © 2001 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Direct measurement of deep brain temperatures in 14 pigs before and during 30 minutes of standard retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP , n = 7) and retrograde perfusion with occlusion of the inferior vena cava (RCP-O , n = 7), as detailed in the text. CA , Circulatory arrest. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2001 122, 331-338DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2001.115244) Copyright © 2001 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Antegrade cerebral blood flow (CBF), calculated by means of fluorescent microspheres, at baseline and at 20°C deep brain temperature in the groups before 30 minutes of standard retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) and retrograde perfusion with occlusion of the inferior vena cava (RCP-O). Antegrade flows were not significantly different between the groups. HCA, Hypothermic circulatory arrest. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2001 122, 331-338DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2001.115244) Copyright © 2001 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Saturation of blood returning to the aortic arch during retrograde perfusion: cerebral “venous” saturations. The falling saturations did not differ significantly whether or not the inferior vena cava was occluded during retrograde cerebral perfusion (abbreviations as in previous figures); low saturations indicate high extraction and imply low flow. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2001 122, 331-338DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2001.115244) Copyright © 2001 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Flow distribution during conventional retrograde perfusion (RCP), calculated by means of the number of microspheres trapped in particular tissues and the volumes of blood collected in each location, as explained in detail in the text. For ease of understanding, the calculations were adjusted to express results with retrograde perfusion at a rate of 100 mL/min into the superior vena cava (SVC). IVC, Inferior vena cava; RA, right atrium. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2001 122, 331-338DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2001.115244) Copyright © 2001 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Blood distribution during RCP-O, retrograde perfusion with occlusion of the inferior vena cava, calculated by means of the number of microspheres trapped in particular tissues and the volumes returned to each location. The calculations were adjusted to reflect results from retrograde perfusion at a flow rate of 100 mL/min into the superior vena cava (SVC). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2001 122, 331-338DOI: (10.1067/mtc.2001.115244) Copyright © 2001 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions