Safety of left innominate vein division during aortic arch surgery Chitoor B Sai Sudhakar, MD, John A Elefteriades, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 70, Issue 3, Pages 856-858 (September 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01498-3
Fig 1 Divided innominate vein, improving exposure of aortic arch and its great branches. (Ligatures are simplified for clarity.) Ligature, suture ligature, and oversew stitch are used for security (see text).) Collaterals through intracranial communications, mammary veins, azygous and hemiazygous systems, and mediastinal veins provide venous drainage after division. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 856-858DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01498-3)