Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonding The force of attraction between atoms sharing electrons Two or more non-metals sharing electrons to reach a full outer energy level

Used to show an element and the number of valence electrons. Lewis Dot Structures Used to show an element and the number of valence electrons.

Writing Lewis Dots First write the chemical symbol Second, determine the number of valence electrons Draw the appropriate number of dots around the symbol making sure to put one dot on each side before putting a second dot.

Example: Phosphorus Symbol: Valence e-: P 5

Creating Covalent Compounds Write the Lewis Dot Structure for the elements (Remember that one dot has to go on each side before you can double up)

Creating Covalent Compounds Match the open spaces on each element together until full Count how many there are of each element and write the chemical formula

Example Combine Cl and Cl Cl Cl

Cl Cl

Cl 2 Cl Cl

Example 2 F N

N F

N F F

F N F F

N F 3 F N F F

Example 3 Combine C and H C H

C H

H C H

H C H H

H C H H H

C H 4 H C H H H

Bonding Drawings Each line between bonding atoms indicates 2 shared electrons H C H C

Double Bonds Sharing 4 electrons instead of 2. Double bonds are stronger than single bonds

Examples O C H

Triple Bonds Sharing 6 electrons instead of 2. Triple bonds are stronger than single or double bonds

Example C H