The Scientific Revolution 6.1 The Scientific Revolution

Foundations of Modern Science In Middle Ages: Earth was immovable object @ center of universe Planets revolved around Earth – geocentric theory Foundations: Aristotle, Ptolemy, Bible

Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution = new way of thinking about the world – challenged hundreds of years of thinking Roots in Renaissance ideas/actions Exploration opens European eyes Advancements in navigation/technology Questioning of acceptable thought (Luther) Printing press spreads ideas

Copernicus Geocentric theory makes sense, but does not explain movements of planets, sun, moon Copernicus expands on ancient Greek idea the sun = center of universe Decides planets revolve around sun = heliocentric theory

Copernicus Heliocentric theory not published until final year of his life – why? Theory would challenge Church Scientists & mathematicians continue to explore Copernicus’ work Kepler discovered planets move elliptically, not in circles – proves Copernicus’ theory

Galileo Galilei Galileo uses telescope & shatters common accepted theory Jupiter has 4 moons Sun spots Moon not smooth Church threatened by findings Church suggests Galileo not defend Copernicus – ignores suggestion In 1633, under threat of torture signs confession In 1992, Church acknowledges Galileo was correct

Other Scientists and Discoveries Francis Bacon writes people should not accept ancient ideas – conduct experiments to prove things – called empiricism (experimental method) Rene Descartes relies on math and logic Only thing he knows for certain = he exists “I think, therefore I am.”

Other Scientists and Discoveries Newton explains gravity Advances in technology: Microscope Barometer Thermometer Autopsies discover humans different from animals Vaccination for small pox Connection between volume, temperature, & pressure