The Basics
How it Began
The Beginning Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant to international relations? Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Ended 30 Years’ War ¤
Treaty of Westphalia-1648 Sovereignty States System 3 things came out of the Treaty: Sovereignty States System Multipolar system 4+ power poles Tried to balance power ¤
Rise of Popular Sovereignty Raison d’état (‘Requirements of the State’) Divine Right of Kings Challenges to raison d’état ‘Popular’ sovereignty American, French Revolutions http://dm-fa.org/academic/gerome2.html#11 http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/13/156722719/let-them-eat-kale-vegetarians-and-the-french-revolution
European Domination Naval technology Guns Industrial Revolution Need to expand Colonialization Administration Imperialism Culture ¤ https://sites.google.com/a/online.sd71.bc.ca/human-rights-morgan-rachel-rylee/the-industrial-revolution
The Sun Never Sets
A Changing World World wars Cold War Decolonization Rise of China U.S. v. S. U. Bipolar system Decolonization Self-determination= independence Rise of China Globalization Tangible Intangible 9/11 ¤
The System: Actors & Issues
System Actors Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) States = Countries Nations (≠countries) Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) Global, regional Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) Global to local Multinational corporations (MNCs) Religious groups Terrorist networks Leaders, prominent people ¤
Development Differences Global North Advanced Industrialized Countries 32 countries
Development Differences Global North Advanced Industrialized Countries 32 countries Global South ‘Developing’ 162 countries (83%) Very diverse Ex-colonies Rely on primary goods Coffee prices ¤ Country GDP per capita Status China $16,600 Emerging Economy Nigeria $5900 Average Burundi $800 Very poor country
Where is this?
Transnational Issues Political Security Economic Socio-cultural -Cross national political borders Political Security Economic Socio-cultural Environmental Health Energy Human rights ¤
What are Mangroves?
Why are mangroves so important? Biodiversity Water quality Storm barriers Capture, reduce, carbon emissions Livelihoods ¤
Where are the Mangroves? https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/World_map_mangrove_distribution.png
Why Are They Disappearing? Deforestation Tourism Beaches Marinas Exports Aquaculture Palm oil Resources Boats Firewood Pollution Industrial waste Soil erosion from deforestation ¤
Blue Carbon What is blue carbon? How is it connected to the mangroves? Sequester CO2 emissions Take in 2-4 times more Deforestation causes 2 problems: No longer process emissions Release tons of stored CO2 ¤
How to Protect the Mangroves? Need financial incentives Funding, support to locals Carbon permits Free market trade Pay to pollute IGOs UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) NGOs Blue Carbon Group Mangrove Action Project Should you care about mangroves? ¤