Intro to Animals All animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms. Most have specialization—adaptation of a cell for a particular function Most reproduce sexually

Animals Most move in some way at some point in their life (sessile—does not move, ex. Sponges are sessile as adults) Movement is due to the relationship between two unique (animals only) types of tissue—nervous and muscular tissue Originated from the sea: probably evolved from loosely connected, flagellated protists.

Phylum Porifera : Examples—sponges

Phylum Porifera What is their symmetry? Asymmetrical Where do they live? Water How do they travel? Sessile How do they eat? Filter feed How do they reproduce? Most sexually, some regeneration Define: regeneration— regrowing a part that has broken off.

Phylum Cnidaria : Examples—jellyfish, coral, hydra

Phylum Cnidaria What is their symmetry? radial Where do they live? ocean How do they travel? Swim as adult How do they feed? Capture prey How do they reproduce? Both sexually and asexually Open circulatory system-blood does not travel in tubes but is moved by a heart

Flatworms Examples—planarians & tapeworms

Flatworms What is their symmetry? bilateral Where do they live? Moist area or water How do they travel? Crawl, swim How do they feed? Parasitic and feeding tube How do they reproduce? they are hermaphrodites

Phylum Mollusca : Examples—snail, octupus, clam

Phylum Mollusca What is their symmetry? bilateral Where do they live? Damp places or water How do they travel? Swim, crawl How do they feed? Filter feeder, capture prey with radula (“tongue”) How do they reproduce? Sexually Nephridia-clean the blood of cellular wastes (primitive kidneys)

Phylum Annelida : Examples—earthworms & leeches

Annelida What is their symmetry? bilateral Where do they live? Almost everywhere except frozen soil How do they travel? Shortening and lengthening its body (muscle segments) How do they feed? Mouth to gizzard to anus How do they reproduce? Hermaphrodites Closed circulatory system-blood travels completely within tubes and materials diffuse in and out into cells.

Arthropoda Arachnids Crustaceans Insects

Phylum Arthropoda : What are 3 classes? Insects, crustaceans, arachnids What is their symmetry? Bilateral How do they move? various modes Where do the live? everywhere How do to they feed? Mandibles, sucking How do the Reproduce? sexually Define: exoskeleton— hard outer covering Metamorphosis: a series of changes from juvenile to adult Molting: removing shell to grow larger one

Phylum Chordata Vertebrates are a subphylum of Chordata; they have backbones --classes of vertebrates include: fish (several types), amphibians, reptiles, birds, & mammals.

Phylum Chordata At some stage in life all chordates have: Notochord & dorsal hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches (gills) Post-anal tail

Class Fish Examples: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes (Cartilage) (Bone)

Fish What are the major characteristics? Skeleton: cartilage vs. bone, gills What are examples? Shark, trout Where do they live? Water How do the reproduce? Sexually, external fertilization (eggs & sperm meet outside the body) How many chambers do their hearts have? 2

Amphibia Examples—Frog, salamander

Amphibians Where do they live? Double life: part water, part land How do they reproduce? Sexually, eggs need water, external fertilization What are the major characteristics? “amphibian” = double life; slimy & smooth skin How many chambers are in their hearts? 3

Reptilia Examples—snake, tortoise/turtle, iguana

Reptiles What are the major Characteristics? Scales, legs for walking, sharp claws Where do they live? land How do they reproduce? Sexual, eggs don’t need water, internal What does Exothermic mean? Can’t maintain body temperature (cold-blooded) Define Amniotic egg: egg w/ protective covering and interior nutrition How many chambers do their hearts have? 3 to 4

Aves (bird) Examples: robin, hawk, chicken, etc.

Birds What are the major Characteristics? Hollow bones, feathers, scaly legs Where do they live? Everywhere How do they reproduce? Sexual, internal What does Endothermic mean? Maintain body temperature (warm-blooded) Feathers: assist in aerodynamic flight How many chambers do their hearts have? 4

Mammalia Examples -Marsupial -Placental -Monotremes Pouch Placenta egg-layer

Mammals What are the major Characteristics? Endothermic, hair, milk glands, diaphragm, specialized teeth, developed brains Where do they live? everywhere How do they reproduce? Sexually, internal How many chambers do their hearts have? 4