Unit 3: Physical Evidence 3-5 Forensic Databases Unit 3: Physical Evidence October 26, 2014 Sanders

Forensic Databases There are computerized databases for police agencies to research known pieces of information on a suspect. These databases have enhances the role of forensic science in a criminal investigation. November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

Forensic Databases These are computerized databases. Fingerprints DNA Markings on bullets and cartridges Automotive paints Shoe prints November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

Fingerprint Databases The model of the fingerprint databases is IAFIS. Launched 1999 Maintained by the FBI More than 70 million fingerprints Voluntarily submitted by police November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

Prior to IAFIS Before IAFIS, the processing of ten-print fingerprint submissions was largely a manual, labor-intensive process, taking weeks or months to process a single submission. November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

Computerized Search The computerized search of a fingerprint database first requires that’s selected ridge characteristics be designated by a coder. November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

CODIS Combined DNA Index System. It enables forensic scientists to search easily. November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

CODIS Has 2 Databses Forensic index has DNA samples contains about 110,000 samples of unsolved crime scene cases. Offender Index had DNA from almost 7,000,000 arrested or convicted criminals November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

Markings on Bullets and Cartridges Like bullets, cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm. As soon as cartridges are loaded into a firearm the potential for the transfer of unique tool marks exists. However, the cartridge does not have to be fired for these marks to be transferred. Simply loading a cartridge into a firearm can cause unique identifiable marks that can be later identified. November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

National Automotive Paint File This Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database contains more than 40,000 samples of automotive paint from manufacturers. Each paint layer—an automotive paint job usually consists of four—is examined to determine chemical composition. The chemical components and proportions are coded into the database. These known samples are compared against a paint sample from a crime scene or a suspect’s vehicle to search the make, model, and year of manufacture of a vehicle involved in a hit-and-run or other criminal activity. For more information, see www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca Exit Notice. National Automotive Paint File November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

Shoe Database The pattern of an unidentified shoe print is assigned a set of codes to isolate basic features, such as circles, diamonds, zigzags, curves, and blocks. November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence

November 7, 2019 Physical Evidence