Lesson Starter Give examples of some of the chemicals found inside cigarettes What is a carcinogen? Describe some of the long term effects of smoking.

Learning Intention To know where the kidney’s are in the human body. To be able to label the main structures of the kidney. Understand what happens when kidneys fail. To understand how the kidneys maintain the internal environment

The urinary System Kidneys Produce urine Urine to bladder via ureters Bladder emptied via urethra

What are the kidneys for? The kidneys have 2 main functions. Maintaining water balance. Getting rid of poisonous waste substances from the body. https://www.twig-world.com/film/kidneys-1016/

The Kidneys Blood enters via renal artery Too much salt, water and UREA (toxic waste product) Blood separated- clean blood and waste- URINE Millions of nephrons- filter blood- 180 litres each day 99% of fluid reabsorbed Excess salt, water and urea gather in bladder

The Urinary System (copy) The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters bladder and urethra. The prime functions of the kidneys is to maintain water balance and get rid of poisonous waste substances from the body. The blood is filtered through millions of nephrons in the kidneys where excess water, salt and urea are removed and stored in the bladder until excreted from the body in the form of urine.

Water Balance How do we gain water?

Water Balance How do we gain water? Food Drinks Chemical reaction

Water Balance How do we lose water?

Water Balance How do we lose water? Breath- Urine. 96% water. 2% urea. 2% minerals. Faeces. Our faeces are moist so that they can be passed out of the body easily. Breath- we breathe out water vapour Sweat- we sweat in order to ensure that our body temperature is kept at 37oC. As sweat evaporates from our body, our blood is cooled.

Water Balance (copy) We gain water through _______ , ________and ______ _______ We lose it through ______ (96% water, 2% minerals, 2% urea), faeces, breathing and sweating.

Watch the video of the woman running the marathon. Explain what happens to your water levels in your body as you run a marathon