OVERDOSE AWARENESS & NALOXONE TRAIN THE TRAINER

Overview What are opiates? Introduction to naloxone Recognizing an overdose What to do if you see an overdose Using naloxone After administering Laws and regulation

What are Opiates? Pain-reducing medications Reduces pain receptor communication to the brain Releases dopamine Can be prescribed or illegally obtained Have addictive properties Reduce respiratory drive to the point of apnea - overdose

Types of Opioids Natural opioids(opiates) Semi-synthetic opioids Derived from opium poppy Morphine, codeine Semi-synthetic opioids Prescribed medications such as hydrocodone and oxycodone Illicit drug heroin Synthetic Opioids Prescribed medications such as methadone, tramadol, fentanyl, carfentanil 50x-100x more potent than heroin

Naloxone Life saving opioid reversal medication Reverses effects of opioids on the brain by replacing drugs in receptors Also known as Narcan or Evzio No potential for abuse Does not have addictive properties, no associated high No harmful side effects Can be used on anyone without risk of harm

Naloxone Does not reverse non-opioid overdoses Not effective for drugs such as cocaine or methamphetamines Can be given to persons not experiencing an overdose without harm Must be stored at room temperature and protected from light Excessive heat or light can breakdown active ingredient Do no store in your car Typical shelf-life is 18 months from manufacturer date

Naloxone History First patented in 1961 as an opioid reversal Received FDA approval in 1971 for use on persons experiencing opioid overdoses Used safely since early 1970’s in EMS and surgical settings to reverse effects of opioids

Recognizing an Overdose Person is Passed out with shallow or no breathing Snoring or gurgling sound Sign of vomiting Pale face Blue lips or finger tips Unresponsive Drug paraphernalia nearby

Drug Paraphernalia Syringes Tourniquets Cookers Filters Powders/residue Lighters

What to do when you see an overdose Ensure the scene is safe Call 911 Call for help (bring AED) Apply PPE If trained in CPR, check for breathing & pulse Confirm the person is unresponsive Administer 1st dose of naloxone Wait 5 minutes Administer 2nd dose of naloxone Wait 5 minutes Confirm the person is unresponsive If the individual is sill unresponsive: If available, administer additional NARCAN If NO NARCAN, follow AED protocol & give CPR (if trained) *Additional naloxone can be administered every 5 minutes until EMS arrives

What to do when you see an overdose SCENE SAFETY Ensure 911 has been called This is often overlooked in an emergency situation Not recommended to check for pulse or breathing unless CPR trained AED may be necessary, apnea will lead to asystole Stay with person overdosing, call for help and ask for an AED

Press the plunger firmly to release the dose into the patients nose. Using naloxone Peel back the package to remove the device. Hold the device with your thumb on the bottom of the plunger and 2 fingers on the nozzle. Place & hold the tip of the nozzle in either nostril until your fingers touch the bottom of the patients nose. Press the plunger firmly to release the dose into the patients nose.

After administering naloxone Can cause withdrawal effects that include Nausea and vomiting (do not manually clear airway) Headaches Sweating Place person in recovery position Helps to protect airway and prevent aspiration Person can become disoriented or combative Attempt to re-orient without physical intervention

After administering naloxone Stay with the person after administering Do not attempt to restrain or keep person at scene Do not risk personal safety by physically intervening If person leaves, stay at scene until EMS arrives Give description and last known location or person who overdosed Stay Safe!

After administering naloxone Person may overdose again without addition drug use Half life of naloxone is shorter than some opioids Person may decline medical treatment Less than 15% or persons who receive naloxone agree to medical transport

Naloxone laws and regulations Ohio laws protect people who carry or administer naloxone Naloxone can be carried across state lines Individuals are free to give their naloxone to another person to carry Good Samaritan laws in all 50 states protect people who administer naloxone from legal liability