Solutions and Mechanical Mixtures Lesson Pure Substances and Mixtures Types of Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixtures Solutions Solubility Saturation Heterogeneous Mixtures Mechanical Mixtures Separating Mixtures

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Pure Substances and Mixtures Recall: .................. _________ Compounds (elements chemically bonded) Physically, not chemically, combined

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Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous .................. _________ Heterogeneous mixtures do not have a uniform composition Rain Salad dressing

Homogeneous Mixtures .................. _________ Cannot see individual components Examples Olive oil Honey Air

Homogeneous Mixtures Outside of chemistry, homogeneous mixtures are sometimes considered pure substances _________

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Solutions .................. _________ Usually more solvent than solute Can be gases or liquids

Solutions .................. Concentration _________ E.g., concentration of 36 g of salt dissolved in 100 mL of water: 36g/100mL Or as a percentage: 36% .................

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Saturation .................. Solutions can be No more solute can be dissolved in the amount of solvent at the current temperature Solutions can be _________

Saturation .................. ________ Examples Soda: carbon dioxide in water 36g of salt in 100 mL of water

Saturation .................. ________ Examples A cup of tea or coffee with 1 teaspoon of sugar

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Saturation .................. _________ Disturbances (e.g. tapping the container the solution is in, adding a granule of solute or even a dust particle to the solution) can cause solute to precipitate or crystallize out of solution

Heterogeneous Mixtures ________ .................. Examples Sand and water Water and oil Salad Trail mix

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Separating Mixtures _________ Separation by relative amounts between mobile and stationary phase Mobile phase carries solution along the stationary phase (e.g., paper) by capillary action ..................

Separating Mixtures Chromatography examples _________ Analyzing ink samples in forensic science E.g., comparing ink samples in a forged check to a set of pens Correct pen’s ink will show a similar pattern of ink separation to that on the check

Separating Mixtures _________ .................. Example Separating salt from seawater Water is boiled until it evaporates Salt remains Water is lost

Separating Mixtures _________ Heat solution until solvent evaporates Capture evaporated solvent ..................

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Separating Mixtures _________ Separating mixtures by hand Picking pieces out of a mechanical mixture and placing like pieces together Examples Choosing only red candies from a bowl Using magnets to separate metals from other substances

Separating Mixtures _________ Solid particles filtered out of liquid or gas because fluid can pass through filter Usually used to separate solid from liquid in a mechanical mixture .................

Separating Mixtures .................. _________ Rock salt crushed and combined with water Salt dissolves, dirt and other materials doesn’t Saltwater + dirt mixture poured over filter, leaving dirt behind Saltwater solution evaporated and salt collected A colander is a form of filter

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Separating Mixtures ________ Causing solute to crystallize out of solution Adding seed substance onto which solute can aggregate

Separating Mixtures Crystallization examples ________ ................