WP01 Requirements and Constraints Report Izmir Board Meeting 01| 04 | 05

WP01: status WP01 deliverable submitted in February 2005 presentation and discussion of the submitted material needs for revisions/updates

Structure WP01 structured into three interconnected building blocks water institutions, actors and stakeholders water issues data requirements vs. data availability

Objectives to identify the major institutional structures, actors and stakeholders in water related decision making processes to ensure early stakeholder participation on a local basis to compile comprehensive lists of water management issues, problems and respective information requirements across the set of case studies to list and document the data requirements of the proposed methods to analyse local data availability against these requirements to analyse resulting constraints and alternative approaches where necessary

Submitted WP01: index Executive Summary 1 Water institutions and stakeholders 2 Water issues (management, demand, supply) 3 Data requirements and constraints 4 Case Study Profiles (basic information, stakeholders, issues) 5 Case Study Comparative Analysis (questionnaire, data availability) ANNEX I: stakeholders list ANNEX II: water issues – complete questionnaire and glossary ANNEX III: water issues – connections to UE legislative Framework ANNEX IV: water issues – connections to DPSIR Framework

part I Executive Summary 1 Water institutions and stakeholders 2 Water issues (management, demand, supply) 3 Data requirements and constraints 4 Case Study Profiles (basic information, stakeholders, issues) 5 Case Study Comparative Analysis (questionnaire, data availability) ANNEX I: stakeholders list ANNEX II: water issues – complete questionnaire and glossary ANNEX III: water issues – connections to UE legislative Framework ANNEX IV: water issues – connections to DPSIR Framework

Stakeholders OPTIMA maintains in all its phases a focus on “participatory approach”, although no specific work package exists

Stakeholders/2 WP01 – opportunity to document the preliminary work* aims and prospects on-line database structure case study profiles Annex I: (for each case study) list of the identified local stakeholders * a special thank to “Corridorio Zero”

Water issues legislative framework  Annex III Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC establishes basic principles (policy reference points) as full cost recovery and “polluter pays” but primarily concerned with water quality, does not deal directly with the management of scarce water resources DPSIR framework  Annex IV Water Framework Directive requires an establishment of the relationships between Pressures and Impacts works particularly well for indicators in the environmental dimension (often clear cause-effect linkages) but can be lacking in its ability to capture the full complexity of the less obvious cause-effect chains as seen in social and economic dimensions of sustainability

Water issues: DPSIR Framework European Environmental Agency: DPSIR Framework Management: Legislation Regulatory framework Water pricing Education and awareness Technology Water supply: Infrastructures Responses Driving forces Demand: Households Tourism Agriculture Industry Pressures Physical conditions, Supply: Climate change Pollution Physical intrusions Physical conditions: Floods and droughts Watershed degradation Coastal interaction Supply: Quantity Quality Supply: Quantity Quality Impacts State

Water issues/2 OPTIMA framework issues are structured under three main Sections: Water Management, Water Demand and Water Supply pragmatic Framework that tends to reflect the demand/supply “Water Budget” on a River Basin scale WP01 contributions compact questionnaire (in view of compilation by generic Stakeholders) lengthy and extensive questionnaire (Annex II) glossary of terms to help definition and univocal interpretation of the issues (Annex II)

Data requirements it is often difficult to compare water budget (at watershed level or even on a national scale) evaluated by independent sources inconsistencies mainly due to multiple/alternative definitions of basic concepts (e.g., water abstraction  losses in storage, conveyance and distribution  supply  consumed and “discharged” fraction, recycling, re-use, etc) it is of primary importance, in a project analyzing different case studies at Water Basin level, to assure clear and univocal methodologies* this is particularly important in the data collection phase (WP03) WP01 contribution (thanks to ESS) analysis and list of data required by the quantitative tools (WP03) * similar problem for the Water Issues  glossary

Part II Executive Summary 1 Water institutions and stakeholders 2 Water issues (management, demand, supply) 3 Data requirements and constraints 4 Case Study Profiles (basic information, stakeholders, issues) 5 Case Study Comparative Analysis (questionnaire, data availability) ANNEX I: stakeholders list ANNEX II: water issues – complete questionnaire and glossary ANNEX III: water issues – connections to UE legislative Framework ANNEX IV: water issues – connections to DPSIR Framework

Case Study Profiles Case study profile structured into two main Sections Case Study - Information and Stakeholders main basin characteristics summary table on required data availability summary table on stakeholders (details in Annex I) Case Study - Water Issues water management issues water demand issues water supply issues

Case Study Profiles/2 Case study profiles based on information available at the time of writing (i.e., January 2005) case study descriptions from OPTIMA web page kick-off meeting presentations (Malta, October 2004) data (or their availability) as communicated to ESS (WP03) stakeholder data base (web) water issue questionnaire – especially comments (web) other independent sources (other projects, literature, etc)

Case Study Profiles/3 Main criteria used in the compilation give priority to updated information. Comment field in the Water Issue questionnaire was particularly useful, as it represented the most recent input check and try to avoid reporting clear inconsistency (e.g., population, population density, basin surface) try to obtain “well balanced” profiles (i.e., similar length). In case data at “case study level” were not available, zoom at national level and search in literature

Comparative Analysis Preliminary comparative analysis of the seven case studies data requirements: analysis of main constraints and data availability for the case studies - “where are we, with respect to data availability and collection?” water issues: analysis of the water issues questionnaires, as compiled by partners, focussing on the extraction of the most relevantly perceived issues, as well as (dis)similarities among the case studies

Comparative Analysis: issues water issues questionnaire “verbal reasoning” on the questionnaire results (taking into account comments, where available) “statistical approach” (based on multivariate “factor analysis”) in order to test a framework for multiple comparisons and to obtain a “global view” of the questionnaire results* * A “statistically sound” approach becomes of particular interest as the number of the compiled questionnaires increases (stakeholder response)

Factor Analysis Comparative analysis: “statistical approach” the main aim of Factor Analysis is to identify latent factors that could be interpreted as underlying fundamental quantities from which the original variables take origin (i.e., unobserved variables that determine the patterns in the observations) the idea is that a small number of latent factors might explain a large number of measurements in an observational study consequently, the unobserved latent factors can be much more interesting than the original set of observations, as they can concisely make clear the behaviour of the observations. By modelling the relevant collected information as having origin from these limited number of latent factors, one can obtain a better understanding of the phenomenon and a reduction of the dimensionality of the problem the latent factors are inferred from the data, as linear combinations of the observed variables (similar to Principal Component Analysis)

Factor Analysis/2 In the Water Issue Questionnaire, one could expect several answers to be correlated among them (i.e., the Questionnaire contains some kind of redundancy) The statistical analysis of correlation patterns should allow the extraction of few main latent factors The identification and association of a “meaning” to the extracted factors is a (subjective) duty left to the analyst It is not always possible to obtain a clear and univocal interpretation of the meaning of the factors. It is not uncommon to extract a factor representing a “mixture of variables” whose meaning couldn’t be interpreted at all.

Questionnaire Codification water issues questionnaire The selectable options to be used to rank each Issue were: answers reported as “Not available” were interpreted as occurring each time the partners believed not to have sufficient data and information in order to rank the issues Not applicable Marginal Important Very important

Questionnaire Codification/2 water issues questionnaire The selectable options to be used to rank each Issue were: answers reported as “Not available” were interpreted as occurring each time the partners believed not to have sufficient data and information in order to rank the issues Not applicable Marginal Important Very important 1 2 3 Average value

Comparative Factor Analysis After the codification to a numerical scale, the data set consisted of a numerical matrix with 44 rows (the Water Issues) and 7 columns (the available questionnaires – one for each of the OPTIMA case study) 2-factors explain about 45% of the variation in the original data, with the first factor accounting for about 30% The first factor has been identified as reflecting a more “quality related” framework Not surprisingly, the second factor seems more related to “water quantity”

Comparative Factor Analysis/2 Water Issues: Factor Analysis – 2 factors

Comparative Factor Analysis/3 The first “quality related” factor: 4 Physical Conditions - Watershed degradation, 30 Demand Industry - Water quality, 44 Supply Infrastructure - Preservation of natural resources, water allocation, 36 Supply Quality - Surface water 7 Institutional framework - Participation in water management - mechanisms, fora, active use The second “quantity related”factor: 3 Physical Conditions - Groundwater availability and quality, 20 Demand Household - Water quantity, 2 Physical Conditions - Floods and Droughts, 26 Demand Agriculture - Water quantity, 35 Supply - Quantity, 39 Supply Accessibility - Agriculture, 40 Supply Accessibility - Industry, 43 Supply Infrastructure - Water distribution networks (canals and pipes), losses 6 Institutional framework - Conflict and fragmentation of competences between institutions, overlap and conflicts

Outlook WP01 deliverable first step in a “cascade” of consequent WPs  work in progress  needs for revisions/updates stakeholders - water issue questionnaire  this Meeting, WP02,… data collection  this Meeting, WP03, WP04, WP05,… case study profiles  this Meeting, WP07-WP13,…