The effect of TGFβ on the post-RT increase of Tregs in tumors.

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The effect of TGFβ on the post-RT increase of Tregs in tumors. The effect of TGFβ on the post-RT increase of Tregs in tumors. A, Experimental design. C57BL/6 mice were injected s.c. with 5 × 105 B16/F10 cells on day 0. Mice received 10 Gy of RT on day 7. Mice received galunisertib (300 mg/kg/day, LY2157299) or vehicle via oral gavage every 12 hours, starting a day before RT. Tumors, DLNs and spleens were harvested on day 14. B, Tumor growth curves of vehicle versus galunisertib treated mice (dashed lines vs. real line, respectively), with or without radiation (black line or red line, respectively, n = 5–6 per group, repeated ×2). C, Representative flow plot of TIL-Tregs. D and E, Quantitative scatter plots of (D) the percent of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ cells that were Foxp3+ and (E) the absolute number of TIL-Tregs per gram tumor weight, in galunisertib-treated versus vehicle-treated groups (pooled data from two experiments; Error bars, SEM). ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05, determined by two-way ANOVA (B) and an unpaired Student t test (D, E). Yuki Muroyama et al. Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5:992-1004 ©2017 by American Association for Cancer Research