NT101C-03: A Survey of the New Testament “Faithfulness to our tasks brings its own rewards!” NT101C-03: A Survey of the New Testament Chapter 5 Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus “Son of God, Servant of All” (pp. 73-82)

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Introduction: Salvation History (didactic/doctrine) NT Center: HEILSGESCHICHTE (history of salvation) Gospels – What genre are the Gospels? Greco-Roman biography Hellenistic narrative Preachings and teachings from theological perspectives 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Evangelists – designations for the Gospel writers Mark wrote the Gospel and Peter’s kerygma was the source of the tradition of Jesus. Action Gospel – use of adverb “immediately” Arrangement – stories of Jesus’ authority

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus The Gospel of Mark is plain and most direct. Its trait is realism. It is the closest account of Jesus’ career. Jesus is presented as servant and with authority in word and deed. Suggested Purposes: “catechetical instruction,” “liturgical use,” “cover up a failure,” “soften the political offensiveness,” “encourage the persecuted Christians” 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Theme: Apology - “Counteracting the Shame” Date: A.D. 70 locus point/64-67 Peter’s death Audience and Provenance: Roman addressees Structure: “loose arrangement”

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Mark’s Jesus: From Galilee to Jerusalem (outline) I. From Galilee to Caesarea Philippi A. Jesus’ Popular Ministry in Galilee (1:1-3:35) B. Jesus’ Parabolic Ministry in Galilee (4:1-6:29) C. Jesus’s 1st Pastoral Ministry: To Caesarea Philippi (6:30-8:26) 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus II. From Caesarea Philippi to Jerusalem A. Jesus’ 2nd Pastoral Ministry: Passion, Predictions, Misunderstandings (8:27-10:45) B. Jesus’ 1st Passion Ministry: Rejection in Jerusalem (10:46-13:37) C. Jesus’s 2nd Passion Ministry: Predictions Fulfilled (14:1-16:8)

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Mark’s Preliminaries Before Jesus’ Public Life John the Baptist is depicted in Mark’s Gospel as the herald making way for Jesus as well as the baptizer of Jesus and others who repented. 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Jesus’ Baptism: the voice (of the Father), the dove (which is the Holy Spirit), the beloved (well pleasing Son/the Christ) The Temptation of Jesus caused the recognition of him as the Christ, the Son of God, by Satan himself, the wild beasts and God’s angels.

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Mark’s Interpretation of Jesus’ Authority The authority of Jesus validates that indeed he is the Son of God. His authority is shown through: a. his preaching that “God’s kingdom is near” and his effective calling of the apostles 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus b. his exorcism of demons with authority c. his healing of all sorts of diseases d. his cleansing of a leper, only God can do Authority and Magnetism of Jesus

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Mark’s Account of The 12 and Jesus the Christ The Twelve Apostles are sent with authority and correspond to the 12 tribes of Israel. Holy Spirit versus Beelzebul – committing blasphemy and eternal sin 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Parables of the kingdom (comparison) – Jesus’ parables covered the truth negatively from the outsiders/unbelievers but clarified the truth positively for the insiders/believers.

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Some Miracles of Jesus in Mark Miracles as signs of kingdom’s presence Stilling a storm – nature obeys Jesus Legion – demons trembled before the Son Bleeding woman and Jairus’ daughter 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Feeding of the 5,000 noted in the 4 Gospels Walking on the water – Jesus is God Syro-Phoenician woman – healing foreigner Healing a deaf-mute – “Ephphatha” Feeding of the 4,000 – lack of appreciation Blind man healed – gradual healing

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Peter’s Confession: “You are the Christ” Mk 8:29 Transfiguration – Jesus with Elijah and Moses Children (Mk 10:15) and Wealth (Mk 10:25) Mk 10:30 – “this age” and “the age to come” Jewish Understanding “This Age” (the present evil age) X = Midpoint = Coming of the Messiah “The Age to Come” (the messianic age) 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus “the age to come” X “this age” Cup and Baptism – suffer and die (Mk 10:35ff) Blind Bartimaeus – Son of David (Mk 10:46ff)

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Jesus Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem The Triumphal Entry divine foreknowledge of Jesus deity prerogative of the Christ hosanna welcome in the Lord’s name Cursing and Cleansing – prophetic words 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Parable of the Wicked Tenants – “accusatory” Taxation – “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s.” (Mk 12:17) The Resurrection and the Sadducees Greatest Mandate, David’s Son, Widow’s Mite

5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Death and Resurrection of Jesus The Olivet Discourse – foresees the temple destruction, the abomination of desolation, the great tribulation and the return of Christ Plot of the Sanhedrin to Arrest and Kill Jesus Counteracting the Shame of Jesus’ Crucifixion 5 – Mark: An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus Woman’s anointing of Jesus as preparation of his body for burial (foreknowledge) Last supper, arrest, trial of Jesus (prediction) Crucifixion, death, burial of Jesus (apology) *JESUS’ RESURRECTION* (Mk 16:1-7/very short)

5 – An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus The Textual Problem of the Ending of Mark’s Gospel “The best textual tradition stops with Mark 16:8. Inferior traditions add 16:9-20, called the long ending, and a shorter, unnumbered ending, both generally recognized as inauthentic. Many think that Mark intended his Gospel to end with 16:8. If so, the women’s trembling and amazement, dumbfoundedness and fear, bring the Gospel to a close on the note of awe, as appropriate to Mark’s portrayal of Jesus as the Christ, God’s Son. On the other hand, Mark’s narrating the fulfillments of all Jesus’ other predictions insofar as those fulfillments had occurred during Jesus’ time on earth favors that Mark went on to narrate a fulfillment of the disciples’ seeing Jesus in Galilee and that the two inauthentic endings arose out of awareness that such an original ending was lost.” (Gundry, A Survey of NT, 181) 5 – An Apology for the Crucifixion of Jesus