Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Trends

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Trends

Atomic Structure What are the three main subatomic particles? Where in the atom are those particles located?

Main Sub-Atomic Particles Protons (+) – have a positive charge and an AMU of 1 Neutrons (0) – have a neutral charge and an AMU of 1 Electrons (-) – have a negative charge and a very small atomic mass

Brace Map – Parts of a Whole

C 12.01 Carbon 6 Periodic Table Info Element Name Atomic Mass = protons and neutrons Chemical Symbol Atomic Number = number of protons

Atomic Math Atomic Number equals the number of protons ALWAYS – a different number of protons means it’s a different element Atomic Number MAY equal the number of electrons – a different number of electrons means you have an ion Atomic Mass – Atomic Number equals the number of neutrons – a different number of neutrons means you have an isotope

Facts & Trends to Know Atomic number = number of protons (+) ALWAYS! Atomic number = number of electrons (-) SOMETIMES! Atom must be neutral. Atomic mass = mass of protons plus mass of neutrons You can find the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass Isotopes have a different number of NEUTRONS Ions have a different number ELECTRONS

More Trends Family number is a clue to the number of VALENCE ELECTRONS Family number is a clue to charge of the ion that usually forms The “magic number” is 8 (that is called the “OCTET RULE”) Atoms with fewer than four electrons lose them and become CATIONS Atoms with more than four electrons gain more and become ANIONS Family 1, the alkali metals, are the most reactive metals Family 17, the halogens, are the most reactive non-metals

More Trends METALS are on the left, METALLOIDS are on the “stairstep” and NON- METALS are on the right Atomic number increases across a row and down a column Atomic mass generally increases across a row and down a column Reactivity decreases from family 1 and 17 towards family 14, and family 18 is non-reactive Columns generally contain the same number of valence electrons Rows contain the same number of energy levels

Online Periodic Tables Dynamic Periodic Table Graphic Overflow The Photographic Periodic Table

Periodic Table Songs (links to YouTube) Tom Lehrer’s Periodic Table Song: https://youtu.be/zGM-wSKFBpo ASAP Science Periodic Table Song: https://youtu.be/rz4Dd1I_fX0 They Might Be Giants “Meet the Elements”: https://youtu.be/d0zION8xjbM

A Boy & His Atom: the World’s Smallest Movie