Fig. 3 Experimental particle patterning actuated by continuous and sub-TOF regime pulsed SAW. Experimental particle patterning actuated by continuous and.

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Fig. 3 Experimental particle patterning actuated by continuous and sub-TOF regime pulsed SAW. Experimental particle patterning actuated by continuous and sub-TOF regime pulsed SAW. (A) In contrast to conventionally applied acoustic fields, applying pulse lengths with tp < TOF results in the time-averaged standing wave locations only where the two incident waves overlap, here with tp = 50, 100, 200, and 300 ns (approximately 5T, 10T, 20T, and 30T), driven by 40-μm six–finger pair transducers at 96 MHz, visualized with 2-μm particles in a 2-mm-wide channel after 5 s of pulsed excitation (time-averaged applied power = 0.35 W). These patterns correspond to the predicted patterning locations at time-averaged minimum displacement conditions, especially for smaller time-averaged minima (dotted lines correspond to conditions where |ξ| minima are less than 0.2). Continuous patterning is demonstrated in movie S4. (B) During pattern development in a 1-mm-wide channel, 3-μm primary particle patterns result from the combination of the intersecting 100-ns pulsed traveling waves (between dotted lines). a.u., arbitrary units. (C) Mean intensity along the x direction is assayed in the region (for t = 10 s) from movie S1. (D) The appearance of secondary near-field patterning [dash-dot boxes in (B)] results from diffraction in the vicinity of the acoustic impedance discontinuity at the channel wall boundary shown here. Scale bars, 200 μm. David J. Collins et al. Sci Adv 2016;2:e1600089 Copyright © 2016, The Authors