Phenotypic and functional characteristics of PD-1hi B cells in HCC tissue. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of PD-1hi B cells in HCC tissue. A,

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Phenotypic and functional characteristics of PD-1hi B cells in HCC tissue. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of PD-1hi B cells in HCC tissue. A, FACS analysis was performed to determine the phenotypic characteristics of the following: B cells isolated from healthy donor blood and HCC samples (paired blood, liver, and tumor tissue); PD-1−, PD-1dim, and PD-1hi B cells from tumor tissues. Data represent mean of at least five independent experiments (N = 5–7), and triangles show markers strongly expressed by PD-1hi B cells. B, representative dot plots for candidate markers expressed by blood and tumor B cells (N = 7). C, analysis of representative markers expressed by tumor-infiltrating PD-1−, PD-1dim, and PD-1hi B cells (N = 6–7). D, CD40L plus CpG ODN, anti-human IgM, or anti-IgM, IgA, and IgG cocktail used as combined stimuli triggered IL10 production in blood CD38hiCD24hi Bregs but not in CD5hiCD27hi/+ tumor B cells. IL10 production was determined by ELISA after 24-hour stimulation. Results represent mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (N = 3). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 (Student t test). Xiao Xiao et al. Cancer Discov 2016;6:546-559 ©2016 by American Association for Cancer Research