Who is the speaker? S It is not enough to simply name the speaker. What can you infer about the speaker based on evidence from the piece?
O What is the occasion? Discuss both the larger occasion-- issues or ideas that must have made the speaker think about the incident-- and the immediate occasion.
A Who is the audience? At whom is the text directed? Don’t simply say, “Anyone who reads this.” Identify a certain audience by describing its characteristics using evidence from the piece.
P What is the purpose? The purpose may be purely a personal one (to assuage guilt or to encourage action); it may also be directed to the audience. Decide on the message and how the author wants the audience to respond.
S What is the subject? What is it about? You should be able to state the subject in a few words or a short phrase.
What is the Tone? T ONE Choose the description of the tone to choose for the piece as a whole. Include specific words or phrases from the piece and explain how they support your statement. How does your subject affect the tone?