Brief History of the Field 1940 - Testicular secretions influence behavior (Berthold) 1955 - XX and XY identified as the basis of sex 1959 - Organizational Hypothesis of hormone action (Phoenix, Goy, Gerall & Young). 1960’s – Androgen-induced sterility in females mediated by brain, not ovaries (Barraclough) 1971 - Aromatization Hypothesis (McEwen & Naftolin) 1976 - Sex difference in song bird brain (Nottebohm & Arnold) 1980 - Sexually dimorphic nucleus discovered in rodents (Roger Gorski) 1980’s - study of CAH girls as evidence of human brain masculinization