Outcome with respect to seizures as a percentage of patients in different Engel’s classes at different time intervals. Outcome with respect to seizures.

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Background Information Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that characterized by recurrent seizures. It is estimated to affect over 70 million people.

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Fig. 1 Seizure outcome of the 42 patients after 2 years according to Engels’ classification. From: Lateralizing semiology predicts the seizure outcome.

Anna Yurchenko1, Alexander Golovteev2, 3 , Olga Dragoy1, 4

(A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman admitted with hepatic encephalopathy. (A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman.

Axial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging

Sensory neuronopathy caused by dorsal root ganglionitis showing a hypercellular cluster of lymphocytes (nodule of Nageotte) indicating active neuronophagia.

Volume 378, Issue 9800, Pages (October 2011)

(A) This 54 year old man with the flail arm syndrome has severe wasting of the arms causing profound weakness. (A) This 54 year old man with the flail.

(A, B). (A, B). Median motor nerve conduction study. Active recording electrode is over the APB muscle, with stimulation at the wrist, elbow, axilla,

Effect of confidence interval reduction to demonstrate a true difference in means. Effect of confidence interval reduction to demonstrate a true difference.

These traces show typical electrophysiological features of a pre-synaptic neuromuscular transmission disorder in a patient with LEMS. The traces on the.

The MR scan of brain of our case vignette patient showing significant occipital lobe atrophy (especially left sided) with parietal lobe involvement as.

(A) EEG of a 75 year old woman with adult onset myoclonic epilepsy (see text, case 1), showing generalised spike and wave and polyspike and wave discharges.

Pseudoptosis. Pseudoptosis. This man presented with photophobia and difficulty elevating the right side of his forehead. The photograph shows his normal.

Frequency of patients in flare at each time point over 3 months

Schematic representation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 in developed countries. Schematic representation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 in.

Cortical right hemisphere brain regions that have been associated with neglect include the angular (ang) and supramarginal (smg) gyri of the inferior parietal.

An example from a carotid surgery trial showing how an intention to treat analysis is less biased than an on-treatment analysis. An example from a carotid.

Neuroimaging and macroscopic features.

Figure 2 Seizure outcomes

Schematic representation of phase cancellation and temporal dispersion in demyelination. Schematic representation of phase cancellation and temporal.

After 4 s of raw magnetoencephalography data (two channels contain obvious artefacts), the door to the magnetically shielded room is opened during recording.

P aeruginosa-free survival curves analyzed by center for screened and control CF patients using information either from all respiratory secretion cultures.

Headache frequency after medication withdrawal in medication-overuse headache. Headache frequency after medication withdrawal in medication-overuse headache.

(A) Frontalis test: unilateral injection of the frontalis muscle with botulinum toxin (BoNT). (A) Frontalis test: unilateral injection of the frontalis.

Frequency of methotrexate (MTX) doses at 24 months (plot) and summary of MTX doses across the MTX dosing categories (low, medium, high) based on data at.

Receiver operating characteristics curves showing discrimination between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (at time of diagnosis) and non-demented.

The superior quality of MRI over CT is demonstrated in this figure.

(A) MR scan of brain from an 82-year-old woman who presented with recurrent episodes of sudden onset needles affecting the face, gum and hand, with facial.

The effect on finger arterial blood pressure of (A) standing in the crossed leg position with leg muscle contraction, (B) sitting on a derby chair, and.

Sample MR images obtained acutely from patients 1 to 6: axial T2 weighted (DWI in case 4) on the left, coronal FLAIR on the right of each panel. Sample.

FIM total score by study visit (ITT population).

Illustration of the volumetric measures and correspondent anatomy.

Cardiorespiratory function in video EEG-monitored sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases. Cardiorespiratory function in video EEG-monitored.

Clinical overall score (COS), (A); cold detection thresholds (CDT), (B); warm detection thresholds (WDT), (C); and vibration thresholds (VT), (D) in patients.

Heavily T2-weighted MRI obtained with high resolution, showing multiple enlarged VRS, visible as well-demarcated CSF like structures, which, dependent.

Axial MRI of a 46 year old man with secondary progressive MS showing a large left sided periventricular lesion which is hyperintense with (A) T2 weighted.

The QT interval responses to different pacing rates in a patient in group I. The pacing rate was decreased from 110 to 50 beats/min and the QT interval.

Progression of autonomic symptoms including hypohidrosis (A), faintness (B), syncope (C), constipation (D), urinary dysfunction (E), and respiratory disturbance.

Left side: normal short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPSs) after stimulation of the median nerve (top picture) and posterior tibial nerve.

Examples of the visual rating scale for the medial and lateral temporal lobe on MR coronal images displayed conventionally with the letter on the right.

MR examination of a patient suspected of having had a dissection of the right internal carotid artery. MR examination of a patient suspected of having.

(A) High intensity lesions in the left dorsolateral midbrain on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging in case 1. (A) High intensity lesions in the left.

Histograms showing periods until an improvement of one Hughes grade from onset. Histograms showing periods until an improvement of one Hughes grade from.

[123I]-FP-CIT (DaTSCAN) images demonstrating: (top left) normal tracer uptake in the putamen and caudate nuclei; then progressively decreasing uptake in.

Typical mean functional strength (where maximum function scores 5, and minimum scores zero; arithmetic mean of several activities plotted) against serum.

(A) Kinematic features of fast and accurate right wrist flexions performed by the patient before (left part) and after alcohol intake (right part). (A)

Box plot representation of total PDSS (Parkinson’s disease sleep scale) scores obtained by patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and controls. Box plot.

Kaplan-Meier table analysis of patients with corticobasal degeneration after onset of symptoms; the y axis refers to proportion of patients who are alive.

Temporal changes which occur as tonic-clonic status epilepticus progresses. Temporal changes which occur as tonic-clonic status epilepticus progresses.

Conceptual diagram of dopaminergic system and disease and drug effects

(A) Patient with acute PFP on the 4th day showed an abnormal dyphagia limit of 5 ml from paretic left sided swallowing (arrows denote second swallows).

Bilateral opercular polymicrogyria.

MR thin (0.7 mm) CISS type sequences of the normal cerebello-pontine angles (A) axial and (B) coronal sections showing the cochlear nerve in the internal.

A reminder of the anatomy of the pons; although included to clarify the anatomical terms, a small lesion is in fact present, illustrating how easily such.

MR scans of brain and spine: (A) sagittal T2 image showing signal change in the posterior spinal cord between C3 and T6. MR scans of brain and spine: (A)

Congenital cortical malformation.

Axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a 30 year old man with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) showing multiple periventricular lesions:

Study protocol. Study protocol. (A) Patients were randomly allocated to placebo or amitriptyline treatment for four weeks. At the end of the month there.

Differences in time remaining independent in activities of daily living (ADL) assessed by the modified Rankin scale between patients with pure autonomic.

Axial T2-weighted MRI. (A and B) Dot-like hyperintensities characteristic of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in the basal ganglia in a patient with.

T2 weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan of 28 year old woman with complex partial seizures but no focal neurological deficit. T2 weighted magnetic.

T2 weighted sagittal MR shows a Chiari I malformation with tonsillar ectopia (9 mm) at the cranio–cervical junction, resulting in disruption of normal.

Flow of recruitment: the screening and enrolment process for a 6-week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial in people with multiple.

ROC curve for the TYM-MCI, ACE-R and MMSE in the separation of patients with aMCI/AD from those with SMC. ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examinations;

The average percentage of employees absent at any point in a calendar month, in the entire mine. The average percentage of employees absent at any point.

Age-adjusted prevalence of severe centrum semiovale enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) (>40 EPVS) in patients with strictly lobar intracerebral haemorrhage.

Standardised patient wearing the obesity simulation suit used in the present study to represent a patient with type 2 diabetes and grade 2 obesity. The.

Box plot showing the distribution of the TYM-MCI score for patients with SMC and aMCI/AD. aMCI/AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease;

Neuro-ophthalmological investigations.

Presentation transcript:

Outcome with respect to seizures as a percentage of patients in different Engel’s classes at different time intervals. Outcome with respect to seizures as a percentage of patients in different Engel’s classes at different time intervals. (A) All patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (mean follow up 5.4 years). (B) Patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy imaged without a specified magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol (1988–1993; median follow up 7.7 years). (C) Patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy imaged with a standardised MR imaging protocol (1993–1999; median follow up 3.8 years). (D) All palliatively operated temporal lobe epilepsy patients (mean follow up 4.4 years). (E) Palliatively operated temporal lobe epilepsy patients imaged without a specified MR imaging protocol (1988–1993; median follow up 5.9 years). (F) Palliatively operated temporal lobe epilepsy patients imaged with a standardised MR imaging protocol (1993–1999; median follow up 3.1 years). Auras only, seizure-free patients with postoperative auras only; Engel II, rare seizures (fewer than three seizures a year); Engel III, worthwhile seizure reduction (a reduction in seizure frequency of at least 80%); Engel IVA, patients with a seizure reduction of at least 50%; Engel IVB-C, no change in seizure frequency, or more frequent seizures (n = 1); latest, latest available follow up data; mo, months; SF, completely seizure-free patients; y, years. L Jutila et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:486-494 ©2002 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd