: Making sense of soil nitrate sensing Real-time soil nitrate sensor system for variable rate nitrogen application

Why it is important $10 to $12 billion spent $5 to 6 billion lost ~13 million tons of N fertilizer used every year in the US $10 to $12 billion spent $5 to 6 billion lost

Agricultural fields are variable, yet managed as uniform Result?

N-Sense will make precision N management possible Soil Mapping nitrate concentrations of agricultural field Adoption of precision N management would save the farmer $28/acre for this field Peer-reviewed studies: $44 to 74/acre savings Pioneer estimates: $60/acre loss due to N mismanagement

What do we offer We are testing a real-time on-the-go sensor that can be used by farmers to measure soil nitrates for variable rate N fertilizer management

Why now Recent technology breakthrough:  ruggedized spectrometers suitable for use in agricultural fields

Market size Precision Ag. market (CAGR 11.2%) $4.1 billion $1.3 billion $95 million Precision Ag. market (CAGR 11.2%) Variable rate technology ( CAGR 9.7%) Large farm operations (>1000 acres) utilizing various tools to improve N use efficiency CAGR -compound annual growth rate.

Competitors Technology Real-time capabilities Direct nitrate measurements High spatial resolution On-the-go N-Sense system V Encirca SM, Adapt N (Acquired by YARA, 2017), FieldViewTM (Acquired by Monsanto for $1B 2013) SupraSensor (Acquired by Monsanto, 2016) YARA, Green Seeker, OptRx NECi nitrate kit, 360 SoilScanTM Veris OpticMapper

Business model Partnership with agrobusiness company (licensing/sale/acquisition) Predicted sale price $50-60K per sensor system, annual service fee 7.5% licensing fee ($5-6M annually) End users: Large-scale farm operations (>1,000acres) -2 year payback Agricultural co-operatives that offer custom application of N

The Ask $300,000 to build field mobile sensor prototype based on ruggedized spectrometer Renting/buying Designing/building prototype Testing system on ag. fields $900,000 to develop software, conduct field trials/calibration, produce a commercial-ready product

Business advisors President: David Laird, Ph.D Agronomy 20+ years in soil sensor technology CEO: Natalia Rogovska, Ph.D Soil Sci. 15 years in precision ag., GIS CSO: Thomas Chiou, Ph.D Eng. Mechanics 25+ years in using FTIR technology  Business advisors Stephen Ringlee:20+ years in IT, life sciences, and manufacturing companies Mark White: 30 years of financial, private equity, investment, management, and entrepreneurial experience