How closely is Islam connected to Judaism and Christianity? Focus Questions: 1. How is Islam portrayed in the Western media?   2. What do you think are the contributing factors for the perceptions and misperceptions about Islam?    3. What steps can be taken to present a more accurate image of Islam and Islamic civilization?

I.S.L.A.M.I.C. The Beliefs of Islam Islam means “submission to the will of God.” Muslims are “people who submit to the will of God.” I.S.L.A.M.I.C.

I. Islam’s Sacred Text The Quran (Koran): Contains the sacred word of God as revealed to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.

tarted in the Middle East

S. Sunni and Shi’a Division in Islam over who would lead the faith after the Prophet’s death. In 632 CE, Abu-Bakr, a friend of Muhammad, became the first caliph, or leader of the Islamic world. The next three Muslim caliphs were elected, however a split emerged among the Muslim community. Soon, Muslims were divided into two sects: Sunnis: Believe Muslim rulers should follow Muhammad’s example and could be elected. Today, 83% of Muslims worldwide are Sunni. Shi’ites (members of the Shi’a sect): believe all Muslim rulers should be descended from Muhammad. This division has lasted for more than 1300 years and still exists today.

A question of succession Sunni vs. Shi’a A question of succession Similar to?

L. Laws : The 5 Pillars of Islam The hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca Proclamation of Faith: There is one god and Muhammad is his prophet Giving alms to the poor Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca Sharia Law: Islamic legal system based on the Qur'an and actions of the Prophet Muhammad.  

 Happy National Dogs in Politics Day!  Unit: World Religions Unit Question: How do belief systems impact the development of culture? Focus Question: How did the formation and spread of Christianity affect the Roman Empire? Focus Activity: Take out last night’s HW (pg. 33) Homework: The Spread of Islam reading/questions (pgs. 35-39) Work on MP 1 project Monday, September 23rd, 2019  Happy National Dogs in Politics Day!  Reminders: MP 1 Project due Wednesday, 9/25

1. The Shahada The testimony. The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. 1

2. The Salat The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed Wash before praying. Face Mecca and use a prayer rug. 2

2. The Salat The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret. Pray in the mosque on Friday. 2

3. The Zakat Alms giving (charitable donations). Muslims believe that all things belong to God. Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” About 2.5% of your income. 3

4. The Sawm Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Considered a method of self- purification. No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4

5. The Hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca. Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. 5

5. The Hajj Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name. 5

The Ka’aba Site of the pilgrimage in Mecca

llah Allah is the Arabic name for GOD. Islam is a monotheistic faith.

uhammad M Muhammad is the founder of Islam. Messenger of the word of God- and the final prophet of God. Muhammad cannot be depicted in image.

Islamic Holy Cities Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Jerusalem (Israel) al-Aqsa Mosque- Site of Muhammad’s Night Ascension, where he prayed with Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Muhammad’s birthplace Sight of first revelation Home to the Ka’aba Medina (Saudi Arabia) Destination after hijra (flight of Muhammad from Mecca) Site of Prophet’s Mosque (tomb of Muhammad) Capital of first Muslim Empire Islamic Holy Cities

Muslims in the World Today

Countries with the Largest Muslim Population 1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000 2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000 3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000 4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000 5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000 * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

Dome of the Rock

The Spread of Islam Merchants were carriers of Islam. The Prophet himself was a merchant/trader.

The Spread of Islam Most Arabs practiced polytheism/animism, but there was a growing feeling of disconnect between the common struggles of warring tribes/clan and the religious beliefs popular in the region. Islam unified Arab tribes and motivated them to spread the faith.

The Spread of Islam Muslims of the day saw their victories and conquests as a sign of God’s support and drew energy and inspiration from their faith. Many in the Middle East welcomed the Arabs as liberators from the harsh rule of the Persian and Byzantine Empires.