ALCESTE SANTUARI (Ph.D. Law – Cantab) Department of Sociology and Business Law Contact: alceste.santuari@unibo.it

Healthcare disparities Healthcare disparities. The University of Manchester 13 th – 15 th June 2019 Inequalities in accessing health care services in Italy: will Social Enterprises fill the gap?

The issues Health inequalities and institutional / legal patterns The ongoing devolution process The role of Social Enterprises Some concluding remarks

1. HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL / LEGAL PATTERNS The right to healthcare is challenged by the legal and institutional pattern: why? The Italian NHS: the central government’s responsibilities and the (necessary) regional governments co-operation The recent changes in the national health basket (2017)

2. The ongoing devolution process The origin: 2001 Constitutional Reform Act (left-to-centre Government) Later on, all-parties agreement on regional-based health care provision and services At present: the richest countries (different regional governments) are demanding for further powers What about the solidarity principle?

3. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES Their constitutional recognition From advocacy organisations to social enterprises They carry out and supply most of the ICSs (the 2017 SE Reform Act)

4. SOME CONCLUDING REMARKS Social enterprises represent an effective antidote to the increasing erosion of the solidarity principle Public authorities have adopted new and innovative procedures to contract out health and social care services to Social Enterprises (see the recent UK NHS Plan) Social enterprises contribute to ensure citizens’ right to health(care)