CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

CARBON Four electrons in its outermost orbit Is a non-metal.

Compounds of Carbon are Widely Distributed in Nature # of carbon compounds > all other elements put together.

Why so many Carbon Compounds in nature? Chemically unique. Can form 4 bonds simultaneously Very stable Can form long chains

Carbon Bonds - single bond = double bond triple bond

Common Carbon compounds CO2 –Carbon dioxide CO –Carbon Monoxide CH4 –Methane C2H2 –Acetylene

Carbon- Long Chains Provides a backbone to which other atoms can attach themselves

Macromolecules 4 major groups Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

How are macromolecules formed? through polymerization large compounds joined with covalent bonds Monomers link to form polymers two types: Addition no change to compounds Condensation compounds change and lose a H2O molecule

Carbohydrates made up of C, H, and O Function 1:2:1 ratio main source of energy used to build structures

Carbohydrates Types: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides simple sugars examples: glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose Disaccharides ‘two sugars’ Polysaccharides complex sugars examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose

Lipids made up of C and H Types and Function: Fats and oils - long term storage of energy Waxes - waterproof covering Steroids - serve as chemical messenger

Lipids Saturated- maximum # of hydrogen atoms possible solid at room temperature Unsaturated- double bonds between C liquid at room temperature

Nucleic Acids Made up of C, H, N, O, and P Formed from nucleotides sugar, phosphate, and a base Examples: DNA

Nucleic Acids Function Store and transmit genetic information

Protein Made up of C, H, O, and N. Formed from amino acids

Protein Functions control rate of reactions regulate cellular processes act as catalysts

Amino Acids Organization Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Flip Chart Must include: each of the 4 Macromolecule (4 pts each) a picture function what they are made up of Color (1pts) Total= 17 pts