What is temperature?
Temperature A measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance It’s basically the measure of how fast (or how slow) particles in a substance are moving. Faster moving particles means a higher temperature. Slower moving particles means a lower temperature.
HOW COLD CAN YOU GO? Zero degrees Kelvin (00 K) is referred to as absolute zero. This means there is absolutely no movement of any particle. Nothing can be colder.
HOW COLD CAN YOU GO? 00 K is equal to -2730 C 00 C is equal to 2730 K One degree increase on the Kelvin scale is equal to one degree increase on the Celsius scale.
IT’LL CHILL YOU TO THE BONE AND SHATTER YOUR BRAIN LIQUID NITROGEN IT’LL CHILL YOU TO THE BONE AND SHATTER YOUR BRAIN
LIQUID NITROGEN FACTS Nitrogen boils at -1960 C (770 K) Nitrogen melts at -2100 C (630 K)
DRY ICE FACTS Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide becomes solid at -78.50 C (194.50 K) Carbon dioxide skips the liquid phase completely…hence the name DRY ICE.
States of Matter and Phase Changes
Particles gain energy and move faster Melting or liquidification Arrangement of particles: closely packed together giving it a definite volume Arrangement of particles: still close together giving it a definite volume, but not as close as a solid Arrangement of particles: enough energy to break free of each other filling whatever container it’s in Movement of particles: do not change positions with each other giving it a definite shape; only vibrate in place Movement of particles: move freely over and around each other making it take the shape of its container Movement of particles: move very freely through the container it’s in taking shape and volume of container
Evaporation or boiling Particles gain energy and move faster
Particles lose energy and move slower Condensation
Particles lose energy and move slower Freezing or solidification
Sublimation example: Dry Ice Particles gain so much energy they go straight to a gas Particles lose so much energy they go straight to a solid example: Dry Ice