Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Ecology Day 9

Food Chain and Web WU: Teacher Image Student Image 44 45 9-25 Flow of Energy EQ: Summary Food Chain and Web WU: Teacher Image Student Image 44 45

Warm Up Top of page 44 Define species: a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. Warm Up Top of page 44

Essential Question: How does energy flow from the sun, through trophic levels, and end as heat?

Flow of Energy The main source of energy is the sun NBpg. 45 Slide 1 of 3 Flow of Energy The main source of energy is the sun Autotrophs are plants, some algae and bacteria, that capture energy to produce food. AKA: Producers Heterotrophs are organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply. AKA: Consumers

Omnivore eats plants and animals Carnivore eats animals NBpg. 45 Slide 2 of 3 Consumers can be: Herbivore eats plants Omnivore eats plants and animals Carnivore eats animals Detritivores eats dead matter Interactions within the biosphere produce a web of interdependence between organisms and the environment, which contributes to an ever-changing, or dynamic, biosphere. The flow of energy goes through a food chain and food web

Flow of energy is in ONE DIRECTION NBpg. 45 Slide 3 of 3 Flow of energy is in ONE DIRECTION Plants get their energy from the sun (photosynthesis) Consumers get their energy from their food: Herbivores 10% of the Plants energy Primary Consumers 10% of Herbivores energy (1% of Plant energy) Secondary Consumers 10% of Primary’s (1 % of Herbivore, 0.1% of Plant) When energy is consumed from food/prey, only 10% of the energy is passed to the consumer/predator

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NBpg. 44 Try to draw the images but label them and draw the structure (chain/web) ARROWS SHOW THE FLOW OF ENERGY owl hawk tree owl bug fox mouse bird mosquito grasshopper mouse grasshopper chipmunk deer grass grass rabbit Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Identify the above with the picture Just Checking: Producers Autotroph Consumer Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Flow of . Energy In your groups Identify the above with the picture owl snake fox rabbit mouse frog Grass-hopper squirrel Plant One Plant Two

Ecological Pyramid Assignment 9-26 Ecological Pyramid Assignment 9-26 Ecological Pyramids Energy Biomass Pyramid of Numbers 46 47

Ecological Pyramids Textbook pages 72-73 NBpg. 46 Slide 1 of 3 Ecological Pyramids Textbook pages 72-73 Energy Pyramid Only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level. This is because organisms use much of the energy that they consume for life processes (respiration, movement, growth and development…)which is released as HEAT

Represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level. NBpg. 46 Slide 2 of 3 Biomass Pyramid Represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level. Typically the greatest biomass is at the base of the pyramid. Usually expressed in terms of grams of organic matter per unit area

Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of Numbers NBpg. 46 Slide 3 of 3 Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of Numbers Shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level. This pyramid might not have the traditional pyramid-shape. 1 hawk 6 snakes 12 primary consumers 200 producers

Assignment: Ecological Pyramid 30 Points Page 47 You will use the pyramids you drew to create your own Ecological Pyramid It will be 3-sided Each side will feature one of the following (all 3 will be used; 10 points each) Draw and label a food web Energy: Show a food chain with the 10% rule Pyramid of numbers: Show a food chain You decide what organisms will be featured on your pyramid It must be detailed and colored; no white space Assignment: Ecological Pyramid 30 Points