Early Civil Rights USH-3.5

I. Why? A movement that challenged the status quo to gain full citizenship for AA 2 most important were: Equal treatment Right to vote Restrictions make this nearly impossible Jim Crow Poll taxes Literacy tests Grandfather clause

II. Booker T Washington Born a slave but determined to be educated Founded Tuskegee Institute To provide vocational training for AAs Developed new crops to help poor cotton farmers He wanted full equality for African Americans He feared that AAs that were too “aggressive” could be lynched

II. Booker T Washington “Atlanta Compromise” speech It seemed that he was willing to accept discrimination if AAs could get jobs Southern whites accepted this idea Southern AAs accepted this idea Northern AAs thought he was wrong Didn’t get many jobs anyway

III. W.E.B. DuBois Born free in the North College education and PhD from Harvard Was totally opposed to Washington’s push for vocational education Any job should be open if you had the talent Wanted to develop the “Talented Tenth”

III. W.E.B. DuBois Founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Pushed for full social and political rights Wanted to end segregation Was militant AAs liked it Whites did not

IV. Ida Wells-Barnett Born a slave just before emancipation Grew up working for former master Went to a Freedmen’s Bureau school Experienced Jim Crow when she was forcibly moved to a colored-only railroad car Sued and won It was overturned on appeal

IV. Ida Wells-Barnett Became a teacher then newspaper writer Wrote an article about segregated schools in Memphis and lost her teaching job Devoted her life to ending lynching Forced to leave town b/c of her articles Helped found the NAACP Left b/c it was not militant enough