Fig. 2. Mechanism of PD-L1 down-regulation in NOD HSPCs.

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Fig. 2. Mechanism of PD-L1 down-regulation in NOD HSPCs.

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Fig. 2. Mechanism of PD-L1 down-regulation in NOD HSPCs. Mechanism of PD-L1 down-regulation in NOD HSPCs. (A) Bar graphs depicting percentage of PD-L1+ cells within KL cells isolated from bone marrow of C57BL/6 and NOD mice and cultured for 3 days in normal glucose, in 20 mM, or in 35 mM high glucose. Experiments were run in triplicate. NG, normal glucose; HG-20, 20 mM high glucose; HG-35, 35 mM high glucose. (B) Proliferation rates of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)–labeled KL cells obtained from C57BL/6 and NOD bone marrow at baseline and after 1 and 3 days of culture. (C) Frequency of apoptosis of KL cells obtained from bone marrow of C57BL/6 and NOD mice at baseline and after 1 and 3 days of culture. For statistical analysis in (A) to (C), one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison test for group comparisons between C57BL/6 and NOD mice; in (A): P = not significant (ns); in (B): #P < 0.0001 versus all except NOD–day 0 (D0) (P = ns); in (C): §P < 0.0001 versus all except NOD-D0 (P = ns) and NOD-D1 (P < 0.001); #P < 0.0001 versus all except NOD-D1 (P = ns). 7-AAD, 7-aminoactinomycin D. (D) MA plot for GWAS performed in KLS cells obtained from bone marrow of C57BL/6 compared to NOD mice; MA-plot, log2 normalized expression levels of expression for KLS cells from C57BL/6 (y axis) in comparison with KLS cells from NOD (x axis). Avg, average. (E and F) List of miRNAs significantly up-regulated (E) and down-regulated (F) in KLS cells obtained from the bone marrow of NOD as compared to C57BL/6 mice. (G) miRNA network controlling PD-L1 gene expression generated with MGI. (H and I) KL cells obtained from bone marrow of NOD mice were cultured in the presence of miR-1905 inhibitor, and wild-type (WT) (untreated KL) were used as controls. qRT-PCR of miR-1905 (H) and qRT-PCR of PD-L1 (I) are shown. Experiments were run in triplicate, and statistical significance was determined using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. (J) Western blotting and quantitative bar graphs of PD-L1 protein expression in KL cells obtained from bone marrow of NOD mice cultured in the presence of miR-1905 inhibitor, and WT (untreated KL) were used as controls, with GAPDH used as an internal control. Experiments were run in triplicate, and statistical significance was determined using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test (P = 0.0005). (K) Methylation status of the PD-L1 locus in KLS cells obtained from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 and NOD mice. Experiments were run in triplicate, and statistical significance comparing methylated CpG% of C57BL/6 to NOD was determined using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Data are representative of at least n = 3 mice. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.0001. Moufida Ben Nasr et al., Sci Transl Med 2017;9:eaam7543 Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works