Biofilm types. Biofilm types. (A) Surface-attached biofilms form colonies on a solid surface and are highly dependent on the substratum material. (B) Pellicles.

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Biofilm types. Biofilm types. (A) Surface-attached biofilms form colonies on a solid surface and are highly dependent on the substratum material. (B) Pellicles are formed in the air-liquid interface of fluids in nature or in the lab. Cells are bound together, forming a distinct macroscopic floating infrastructure. Thick pellicle formation requires the presence of exopolysaccharides (EPS). (C) Submerged biofilms develop under flow conditions. Biofilm formation under flow conditions is achieved in either indwelling catheters or suitably adapted lab devices. Maria Magana et al. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2018; doi:10.1128/CMR.00084-16