Political machines – Heyday = late 19th/early 20th century

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Presentation transcript:

Political machines – Heyday = late 19th/early 20th century Definition of machine: Johnston- “A party organization within which power is highly centralized” and “The followers/members are motivated and rewarded by divisible material incentives”

Origins of machine What allows machines to grow and flourish? * immigration * rapid growth of cities (urbanization) * chaotic electoral/administration procedures

What did machines do? Exs of machines: Tammany (Boss Tweed)- Was director of RR company, part owner of company that did printing for the city, president of city bank, part owner of NY newspaper. Tweed machine seen as extremely greedy Associated with violence against citizens Corruption and greed led to downfall of Tweed ring. Also: McManes (Philadelphia), Ruef-Schmitz (San Francisco), Chicago

Pros and Cons of Machines? Have suggested negatives (corruption/greed/violence/favoritism) Positives: Machines did perform some social welfare functions (in a time before there was a developed welfare state)

Reforms in response to machines Growth of municipal reform groups 1880s/1890s Reforms advocated: Stronger mayors (Pennsylvania “Bullitt charter”) City or council managers At large elections

9 min video watched in class: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=YildL_ilQFY&feature=youtu.be