INTRODUCTION I. Biology A. Definition B. Characteristics of Life 1. Highly Organized Atoms  Organ Systems Organisms  Ecosystem Figure 1.1

2. Transform Energy Bioenergetics (Energy Flow) Figure 1.2

3. Reproduce Variation in Nature Asexual versus Sexual Figure 1.3

4. Grow and Develop Stages and Accomplishments Opening and Closing Genes

5. Irritable and Adaptable Daily Adjustments vs. Population Changes Figure 1.11

6. Practice Homeostasis Balanced against Change

C. Biology Related Topics Negative vs. Positive Mechanisms C. Biology Related Topics

II. Scientific Method A. Why? 1. Thinking Process 2. Classical vs. Empirical 3. Inductive vs. Deductive

B. Process 1. Steps Question Question Figure 1.14

i. Experimental Variables This is the tested for or manipulated variable. Independent = These change due to the changes of the independent variable. Dependent = Control = These are the held constant variable's. Experimental group that does not get treated with the independent variable. Control Treatment =

Question Re-Test Analysis Figure 1.14 Theory Law

C. Evidence (the method works) 1. History (of categorizing life) organisms strive to become more complex a. Anaximander 400BCE creatures organized from simple to complex or “Scala naturae” in a fixed state b. Aristotle 400BCE designed a classification system (binomial nomenclature) c. Carolus von Linnaeus 1700’s organisms were not fixed = change over time Force? d. Count Buffon 1700’s Catastrophism (Name one!) to explain the variation in the extinct vs. extant species e. Baron Cuvier 1800’s

f. Jean Lamarck 1800’s g. Charles Darwin 1859 inheritance of acquired characteristics “Origin of the Species” natural selection  adapt and reproduce or go extinct g. Charles Darwin 1859

2. Diversity “Lion King” a. Trophic Levels Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers Figure 1.12

b. Taxonomy is the science of classification. How? Groupings  D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & S Monera Protista Figure 1.7 Table 1.2 Fungi Plantae Animalia Figure 1.8 Figure 1.9 Figure 1.10

Classification of a human and other animals Groupings  D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & S