The functions of the cardiovascular system in physical education The Heart The route the blood takes Blood vessels and their roles Blood And its role in physical activity

The cardio vascular system The cardio vascular system is made up of: the heart, three types of blood vessels the blood itself Functions of the cardiovascular system Transporting Clotting Temperature Regulation

Temperature Regulation Clotting This shows the heart and the network of blood vessels that make up the cv system These are vital during physical activity as the demand for oxygen increases. Transport Blood carrier oxygen and nutrients to working muscles It carries away waste products – carbon dioxide & lactic acid Temperature Regulation This is done through the lumen of the blood vessels When the body is to hot vasodilation (increasing blood flow to the skin surface) takes place Clotting Platelets in the blood form clots (which seal open wounds) This protects the body against infections During physical activity the risk of cuts and grazes increase

The Heart The heart is made up of 4 chambers The hear pumps blood to two designations simultaneously: To the lungs where it becomes oxygenated before returning to the heart To the rest of the body, where it becomes deoxygenated as it delvers the oxygen it carries to the muscles and organs The heart is made up of 4 chambers The top two – Atria The bottom two - Ventricles The left side of the heart deals with Oxygenated blood The right side of the heart deals with Deoxygenated blood

Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Veins Left atrium Right Atrium Semi-Lunar Valve Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Inferior Vena cava Septum

Heart Key terms This is the plural of “atrium”. There are two atria in the heart These are the upper chambers of the hear where the blood enters Atria There are two ventricles in the heart. These are the lower chambers of the heart from where blood exits Ventricles Blood containing a high concentration of oxygen Oxygenated blood Deoxygenated blood

The route the blood takes through the heart

Blood vessels and their role in physical activity Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart Arteries carry oxygenated blood Artillery blood pressure is high The arteries have thick muscular walls During exercise the arteries restrict blood to area that is not being used e.g. the digestive system Capillaries look like a mesh wrapped around muscles and organs Capillaries are very thin (one cell thick) Gases can diffuse through the walls of the capillaries Blood becomes deoxygenated at the capillaries Capillaries are essential during physical activity because they allow oxygen to enter the muscles through diffusion Capillaries Veins carry blood back to the heart Veins carry deoxygenated blood Blood pressure is very low To prevent blood flowing the wrong way veins have many one-way pocket valves Veins have thinner walls than arteries Veins

Blood and its role in physical activity Red Blood Cells Red blood cells contain haemoglobin Haemoglobin is a substance that allows oxygen to be bound and carried Red blood is critical to all sports and physical activity It ensures muscles have the oxygen to perform efficiently Activities that are impacted the most by the work of red blood cells are endurance events

Blood and its role in physical activity White Blood Cells White blood cells are part of the immune system They travel in blood to fight disease and infection They are responsible for keeping athletes healthy Ensuring sportsman can train and compete

Blood and its role in physical activity Platelets Platelets clot blood and scab around the site of an injury to seal wounds This is crucial to stop excessive bleeding and to heal the body quickly to prevent infection This is important for sports performers as it will stop injuries becoming life threating Ensuring sportsman can train and compete