Non-invasive molecular imaging techniques may play a future role in the management of pulmonary hypertension. a) Positron emission tomography–computed.

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Non-invasive molecular imaging techniques may play a future role in the management of pulmonary hypertension. a) Positron emission tomography–computed tomography shows increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right ventricular wall (arrow) in pulmonar... Non-invasive molecular imaging techniques may play a future role in the management of pulmonary hypertension. a) Positron emission tomography–computed tomography shows increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right ventricular wall (arrow) in pulmonary hypertension; reproduced and modified from [93] with permission. b) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows advanced structure of heart fused with positron emission tomography to determine 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in areas with high metabolic activity; reproduced from [94] with permission. c) Four-dimensional flow MRI as a measure of complex three-dimensional haemodynamic changes in the pulmonary arteries; reproduced from [95] with permission. d) Cardiac hyperpolarised MRI shows the distribution of injected hyperpolarised pyruvate and its metabolic conversion to bicarbonate and lactate to visualise areas of high metabolic activity; reproduced from [96] with permission. PA: pulmonary artery. Stephen Y. Chan, and Lewis J. Rubin Eur Respir Rev 2017;26:170094 ©2017 by European Respiratory Society