Dative – Indirect Object Accusative – Direct Object Case Names and Uses Nominative - Subject Genitive - Possessive Dative – Indirect Object Accusative – Direct Object Ablative – When, Where, How

Case Names Uses Translations Nominative Subj / Pred.Nom. (pred.n. / pred. adj.) does the action (pred. nom. must have linking v.) Genitive Possession …’s/s’/ OF Dative Ind. Obj. (w/ v. give, tell, show) / w/ special verbs / Compound v. “to/for” Accusative Direct Object/Obj. of prepositions receives the action/ w/ ad, in, per, trans, circum, etc. Ablative When/Where/How w/ ab, ex, de, cum, sine, in, etc.

Nominative – who/what is acting? whom/what are we talking about? Subject and Predicate Nominative (Pred. Nom. Is the SAME as the subject and is used after a linking verb) Caesar copias ad montes duxit. Caesar led his troops to the mountains. Caesar erat dux notissimus. Caesar was a very famous general.

Genitive – Whose is it? Of what? Of whom? Possession Partitive (Genitive of the Whole) W/ verbs: memini, obliviscor W/ adjectives: plenus, avidus, peritus, egenus filius Aureliae – the son of Aurelia pars civium – part of the citizens memini amici – I remember my friend. (mindful of…) plenus pecuniae – full of money

Dative – translated “to” or “for” – usually a person, not a thing (used w/ verbs: give/tell/show) Caesar gladios militibus dedit. Caesar gave swords to the soldiers. villa magna erat Caesari. Caesar had a great villa. hoc Marco dicendum erat. Marcus had to say this. non credidit Graecis. He did not believe the Greeks. Marco favet. He supports Marcus. similis matri; utilis agricolis like her mother; useful to farmers Indirect Object Dative of Possession w/ esse Agent w/ gerundive & esse W/ verbs – credo, placet, favet & compound verbs W/ adjectives – similis, gratus, amicus, carus

Accusative – receives the action from the subject Direct Object Object of all prepositions except the SID SPACE prepositions (i.e., prep. involving motion, especially towards…) Extent of space, duration of time Subject of Infinitive in Ind. Statement Caesar militibus gladios dedit. Caesar gave swords to the soldiers. per silvam; trans mare through the forest; across the sea duos pedes linea longa; duas horas dormivit A line two feet long; he slept for two hours Scio Marcum adesse. I know (that) Marcus is here.

Ablative – used with the SID SPACE prepositions – case of separation Sub / In / De Sine / Pro / Ab / Cum / Ex Ablative of agent (w/ a, ab) Ablative of means manner, accompaniment, separation, comparison W/ verbs: potior, utor, fungor… W/ adjectives: dignus, indignus To express quality, price, description ab urbe; in aqua; pro patria from the city; in the water; for the ountry vocatur a patre - he is called by his father. stilo scribens – writing with a stylus cum diligentia – with diligence liberatus timore – freed from fear exilui gaudio – I jumped for joy altior mari – deeper than the sea gladio utitur – he uses a sword digna laude – worthy of praise