CHAPTER 8 National Self-Determination Pages 180-207 Key Terms: Decolonization Successor State

National Self-Determination When a group of people tries to gain or keep the power to control their own affairs. *Kosovo went from being a province of Yogoslavia  an independent state. *Religious and ethnic conflict has plagued the region for centuries (pg 182)

Nation-State A country that has physical borders and a single government. Nation-states may be based on ethnic nationalism, civic nationalism or a combination of the two.

“a people” Share a common historical tradition, language and religion Identify themselves as a distinct cultural group Have a traditional connection to a particular territory

Decolonization Refers to what happens when a colonial power withdraws from a colony. Forced people with different religions, languages, traditions and cultures to live as a single colony. Once decolonization occurs, violent conflicts usually arise (ie. Rwanda)

Decolonization French Indochina (French vs. Japan) - fighting for control over Vietnam The Vietnam War - South vs. North (Communist) Cambodia (French Indochina) Tibet (1950 China invaded Tibet) - took control of the government, suppressed the Buddhist religion, destroyed monasteries.

Tibet & The Dali Lama

Successor State a country created from a previous state. When the Soviet Union collapsed in the late 1990s 15 successor states emerged as Lithuanians, Estonians, Latvians, Russians and other people asserted their right to national self-determination

India Controlled by The British East India Company from the early 1800s – 1947. Mohandas Ghandi helped India gain independence from Britain. *through non-violent protests

Creation of Pakistan 1800s - Muslims and Hindus went from working together in the Indian National Congress 1906 - Muslims resenting the Hindu Majority and formed the India Muslim League. Jinnah thought the two groups were inherently different Ghandi thought the two groups have several similarities and could live together in harmony.

On August 15, 1947, India achieved independence… Hindus and Muslims who had once lived peacefully both went on a rampage and millions were killed and millions of refuges fled to safety. Muslims = India  Pakistan Hindus = Pakistan  India

Kashmir 2007 – the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons An estimated 10,000 Kashmirs have gone missing, captured by Indian forces and never seen again.

Canada and National Self- Determination First Nations Inuit Metis Quebec - French Separatists - Aboriginal Groups *see pages 193-197

Unintended Consequences of National Self-Determination Refugees By 2006, approximately 32 million people around the world were living as refugees. - Afghan Refugees – form the single largest group in the world

The Big Picture Make sure that you understand the positive and negative implications of National Self-Determination. Can you list some of them?