Imperialism September 30th

American Expansionism ….a nicer way of saying Imperialism...

What is imperialism? Industrialized nations seeking raw materials and resources from non-industrialized nations It can take many shapes Direct colonial control Foreign businesses dominating local politics Sphere of Influence Protectorate In your pods, look up examples of the above/what it means and share with your group.

So why did we become imperialists? Completed Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny Look outward Money Industrialization New Markets “White Man’s Burden” Spread American way of life Democracy Christianity Western values Who is the “white man”? What is a burden? What is their “burden”?

3 observations 2 questions 1 inference

The Closing of the Frontier “Up to our own day American history has been in a large degree the history of the colonization of the Great West. The existence of an area of free land, continuous recession, and the advance of American settlements westward, explain American development….And now, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the Constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period in American history.” ~Frederick Jackson Turner What is his message? If we have closed the frontier, where else are we looking to go?

How did Manifest Destiny help influence Imperialism?

MONEY New markets Territory seen as a stepping stone to bigger prize Build up powerful navy Industrialized and have things to sell exotic raw materials Sugar and pineapples Territory seen as a stepping stone to bigger prize Foothold in Pacific led to developed Navy Greater access to China and Japan

. . The interesting and significant feature of this changing attitude is the turning of the eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country. To affirm the importance of distant markets, and the relation to them of our own immense powers of production, implies logically the recognition of the link that joins the products and the markets,--that is, the carrying trade; the three together constituting that chain of maritime power to which Great Britain owes her wealth and greatness. Despite a certain great original superiority conferred by our geographical nearness and immense resources,--due, in other words, to our natural advantages, and not to our intelligent preparations,--the United States is woefully unready, not only in fact but in purpose to assert in the Caribbean and Central America a weight of influence proportioned to the extent of her interests. We have not the navy… that will weigh seriously in any disputes with those nations whose interests will conflict there with our own. Source: Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1897), pp. 3-27. What is his message? What does he say America needs to do in order to become an imperialist country like Great Britain?

White Man’s Burden “Civilize” Christianize Save them (people in other countries) for their own good Spread democracy Ideas of racial superiority Social Darwinism

NOTES OUT Be ready for a warm up

. . The interesting and significant feature of this changing attitude is the turning of the eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country. To affirm the importance of distant markets, and the relation to them of our own immense powers of production, implies logically the recognition of the link that joins the products and the markets,--that is, the carrying trade; the three together constituting that chain of maritime power to which Great Britain owes her wealth and greatness. Despite a certain great original superiority conferred by our geographical nearness and immense resources,--due, in other words, to our natural advantages, and not to our intelligent preparations,--the United States is woefully unready, not only in fact but in purpose to assert in the Caribbean and Central America a weight of influence proportioned to the extent of her interests. We have not the navy… that will weigh seriously in any disputes with those nations whose interests will conflict there with our own. Source: Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1897), pp. 3-27. What does he say America needs to do in order to become an imperialist country like Great Britain? What is his overall message?

Early Instances of American Expansion

Use key terms: Queen Liliuokalani, sugar, annexation, McKinley Tariff Hawaii Answer the Following using the QR code Methods of Imperialism: Why the US was there: Important People and why they are important: Effects of Imperialism with this country: Significant events/laws/policies/projects: Use key terms: Queen Liliuokalani, sugar, annexation, McKinley Tariff

Matthew Perry, Christianity, trade, Treaty of Kanagawa and Portsmouth Japan Answer the Following using the QR code Methods of Imperialism: Why the US was there: Important People and why they are important: Effects of Imperialism with this country: Significant events/laws/policies/projects: Use key terms: Matthew Perry, Christianity, trade, Treaty of Kanagawa and Portsmouth

Japan Isolated 1853- US Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan Japanese were impressed by steamships and tech By 1854 Perry negotiated the Treaty of Kanagawa with Japan Opened up two trading ports Established a US consulate in Japan 1868- Meiji Restoration Emperor Meiji increased Imperial power Industrialization of Japan- Modeled aspects from other Industrialized nations, ex: Military from Prussia Education from US and France Navy from GB

Hawaii 1790 and beyond, America had merchant ties to Hawaii 1887- Americans controlled gov’t (only wealthy landowners could vote and they’re all American businessmen) Push for Annexation 1890- tariff on Hawaiian sugar (more expensive than American grown sugar) 1891- Queen Liluokalani came to power Nationalist, resented American influence Abolished constitution (which had granted Americans political power) 1893- US military and American rebels in Hawaii arrested Queen and est. a new gov’t (led by Sanford B. Dole) 1897- finally Imperialists in the White House AND Congress- Hawaii was annexed Official US territory

IN YOUR NOTES - BE READY TO SHARE! Using your notes from today, write a one sentence summary about the US imperializing Hawaii. Do you think we should have annexed Hawaii? Why or why not? Write another one sentence summary about the US imperializing Japan. Do you think Matthew Perry should have tried to open trade with Japan? Why or why not?

Get your vocab out! Word Wall time!

The war that made the US a world power Spanish American War The war that made the US a world power October 2nd

Cuba Rebels Against Spain Spain - Imperial nation in decline Cuba wants independence Jose Marti Rebellion Why do we care? Where is Cuba located?

Influence of Mass Media Pulitzer and Hearst Yellow Journalism (or yellow press) News that is exaggerated, eye catching headlines and stories to get the reader’s attention President McKinley Pushed Spanish for peace Ordered battleship USS Maine to protect American citizens in Cuba

*Yellow Journalism Activity Explosion of USS Maine *Yellow Journalism Activity Be ready to answer: What is the reason for the explosion and what evidence did you read to believe so?

Bias? Yellow Journalism? Ask about “bias” and “yellow journalism”

Congress declares war against Spain Rough Riders –Teddy Roosevelt leads soldiers to fight in Cuba (Assistant Secretary of Navy)

America Wins! Naval victory = More men enlist Treaty of Paris 1898 •Spain and the US •Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam •Philippines for $20 million How do these countries feel about being sold? What is an economic effect of the treaty?

Puerto Rico Guam Foraker Act Established a civil government US appoints the governor and part of the legislature Still a US territory Still a U.S. territory and is a base for the coast guard

War in the Philippines Battle of Manila Bay General George Dewey vs. Emilio Aguinaldo Guerrilla warfare Sent 100,000 troops and $400 million William Taft becomes governor of Philippines Jones Act, 1916 Gives Philippines independence

Exit Ticket - half sheet How could have the Spanish American War affected the American economy? How did the Spanish American War increase Imperialism?

Spanish American War Day 2 October 3rd

Spanish American War Comic Strip You and your partner will create a comic strip of the Spanish American War. You will need the following: At least 6 boxes Captions for each box Colored images Storyline must cover 1) how the war started 2) how the US got involved 3) why the US got involved 4) how the war ended 5) any treaties or policies created post war DUE at the end of class!

President Policies Through Imperialism October 4th

APPROACHES TO FOREIGN POLICY ROOSEVELT TAFT WILSON Big Stick Diplomacy Believed American military should be used to achieve goals Wanted to “civilize” other countries Did not believe nations should be self-governing Supported rebellions (ex. Panama) Opposed European intervention in Western Hemisphere (Roosevelt Corollary) Dollar Diplomacy Believed U.S. should invest in foreign economies to increase American influence Worked for stability in Latin America Worked to expand economic opportunities in China Moral Diplomacy Believed U.S. should spread peace and democracy rather than colonize foreign countries Believed other nations should be self-governing Wished to cultivate a friendship with Latin America

Roosevelt Corollary Extension of the Monroe Doctrine Europe should not be involved in American (north or south) affairs Roosevelt Corollary states IF Europe does interfere with the Americas, then we will use force

Be ready to share with your pods! Create a one sentence summary for each president’s approach to foreign policy Be ready to share with your pods!

Which president would agree with this statement and why? “We must show ourselves friends by comprehending their interest, whether it squares with our own interest or not...comprehension must be the soil in which shall grow all the fruits of friendship...I mean the development of constitutional liberty in the world.”

Which president would agree with this statement and why? “In treating of our foreign policy and of the attitude that this great Nation should assume in the world at large, it is absolutely necessary to consider the Army and the Navy...through which the thought of the Nation finds its expression, should keep ever vividly in mind the fundamental fact that it is impossible to treat our foreign policy, whether this policy takes shape in the effort to secure justice for others or justice for ourselves, save as conditioned upon the attitude we are willing to take toward our Army, and especially toward our Navy.”

Which president would agree with this statement and why?

Which president would agree with this statement and why?

Exit Ticket - need half sheet Answer the question using complete sentences. You will need your Imperialism Packet as a reference. Which president do you believe had the most successful foreign policy and why? Use a country from your Imperialism packet as an example of that president’s style of foreign policy.

American Imperialism QR Codes October 7th

American Imperialism QR Codes Using the QR codes, you and your partner will fill out the packet for each country that the US imperialized through the late 1800s to the early 1900s. You will need to download the QR code reader from the app store. (I like the QR Code Reader with the blue box around the app icon). If not, this assignment is also on my teacher page and the QR codes can be accessed on there. Use your time wisely!

October 8th American Imperialism: People, Politics, and economy! On your own, you will fill out the chart given using your QR packet AND notes (and book if needed). Finish QR Codes if needed too. This will be turned in at the end of the day!

VOCAB OUT! Be ready for your quiz and then review!