GERMANY - Pakistan Trade

UK WAS PAKISTAN’S THIRD LARGEST EXPORT DESTINATION IN 2018 RANK COUNTRY EXPORT VALUE (US$) % SHARE IN TOTAL EXPORTS World 23,630,893,000 1 United States of America 3,802,500,000 16% 2 China 1,818,069,000 8% 3 United Kingdom 1,728,637,000 7% 4 Afghanistan 1,347,934,000 6% 5 Germany 1,310,444,000 6 United Arab Emirates 983,575,000 4% 7 Netherlands 942,802,000 8 Spain 922,898,000 9 Bangladesh 783,825,000 3% 10 Italy 771,593,000 EU is Pakistan’s largest export market and the UK is the most important export market within the EU

GERMANY WAS THE SECOND LARGEST EXPORT DESTINATION WITHIN THE EU IN 2018 The EU is Pakistan’s largest export market representing 34% of exports Germany accounted for 16% of total EU exports from Pakistan in 2018. EU is Pakistan’s largest export market and the UK is the most important export market within the EU

GERMANY RANKS NO. 11 IN PAKISTAN’S IMPORT SOURCES COUNTRY IMPORT VALUE (US$) % SHARE IN TOTAL EXPORTS World 60,162,862,000 1 China 14,544,687,000 24% 2 United Arab Emirates 8,668,637,000 14% 3 Saudi Arabia 3,242,349,000 5% 4 United States of America 2,946,715,000 5 Indonesia 2,502,372,000 4% 6 Qatar 2,386,183,000 7 Japan 2,273,024,000 8 India 1,928,465,000 3% 9 Thailand 1,430,727,000 2% 11 Germany 1,298,939,000 EU is Pakistan’s largest export market and the UK is the most important export market within the EU

WITHIN THE EU, GERMANY WAS THE FIRST HIGHEST EXPORTER TO PAKISTAN IN 2018 EU is Pakistan’s 3rd largest import partner after China and UAE. Imports from the EU stood at $5.46 billion in 2018. Germany accounts for 24% of Pakistan’s imports from the EU and 2% of total imports from the world. The UK is the second most important import supplying market of Pakistan in the EU

PAKISTAN Germany Trade Trends Bilateral trade increased from US$ 2,285 Mn in 2014 to US$ 2,609 Mn in 2018 i.e. by 14.2% in five years Pakistan’s exports to Germany rose by 8% during this period, thanks to 14% growth in 2014, post GSP+ Meanwhile, Germany’s exports to Pakistan rose by 21.4% during the last five years. The trade balance in 2018 has gone down from USD145 Mn to USD 12 Mn in favor of Germany.

PAKISTAN’S TOP 10 EXPORTS TO Germany HS CODE DESCRIPTION EXPORT VALUE 2016 (US$) EXPORT VALUE 2017 (US$) EXPORT VALUE 2018 (US$) 620322 Men's or boys' ensembles of cotton (excluding knitted or crocheted, ski ensembles and swimwear) 109,189,000 218,943,000 172,681,000 630231 Bedlinen of cotton (excluding printed, knitted or crocheted) 94,936,000 121,750,000 117,898,000 630210 Bedlinen, knitted or crocheted 79,706,000 76,653,000 91,497,000 420310 Articles of apparel, of leather or composition leather (excluding clothing accessories, footware ... 77,366,000 76,507,000 73,603,000 901890 Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical or veterinary sciences, n.e.s. 45,992,000 49,218,000 51,312,000 630239 Bedlinen of textile materials (excluding of cotton and man-made fibres, printed, knitted or ... 24,029,000 23,855,000 43,064,000 630260 Toilet linen and kitchen linen, of terry towelling or similar terry fabrics of cotton (excluding ... 43,496,000 43,780,000 42,360,000 620342 Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts, of cotton (excluding ... 60,749,000 35,343,000 32,165,000 950662 Inflatable balls 28,085,000 24,615,000 27,960,000 610910 T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or crocheted 13,608,000 20,908,000 27,886,000

PAKISTAN’S TOP 10 IMPORTS FROM GERMANY HS CODE DESCRIPTION IMPORT VALUE 2016 (US$) IMPORT VALUE 2017 (US$) IMPORT VALUE 2018 (US$) 841181 Gas turbines of a power <= 5.000 kW (excluding turbojets and turbopropellers) - 300490 Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, ... 30,283,000 57,856,000 64,155,000 75,994,000 382200 Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing, prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents ... 17,498,000 21,110,000 22,007,000 28,867,000 847480 Machinery for agglomerating, shaping or moulding solid mineral fuels, ceramic paste, unhardened ... 218,000 75,000 3,230,000 9,341,000 842230 Machinery for filling, closing, sealing or labelling bottles, cans, boxes, bags or other containers; ... 21,115,000 12,422,000 6,969,000 10,863,000 847780 Machinery for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products from these materials, ... 217,000 1,857,000 11,140,000 2,380,000 901890 Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical or veterinary sciences, n.e.s. 15,681,000 19,450,000 22,077,000 23,671,000 847989 Machines and mechanical appliances, n.e.s. 2,273,000 1,874,000 3,987,000 4,385,000 844520 Textile spinning machines (excluding extruding and drawing or roving machines) 1,900,000 4,381,000 24,787,000 17,164,000 391000 Silicones in primary forms 12,123,000 10,078,000 14,920,000 17,114,000

TRADE COMPLIMENTARITY* * Trade complementarity is the ability of each country to satisfy the other’s import needs from its existing export pool

ACTUAL EXPORTS IN 2018 (US$) POTENTIAL EXPORTS IN 2018 (US$) Pakistan’s Theoretical Potential* for Additional Exports to the Germany, 2017 Top 10 Potential Products (HS 06). Aggregate Theoretical Potential $2.6 Bn HS CODE DESCRIPTION ACTUAL EXPORTS IN 2018 (US$) POTENTIAL EXPORTS IN 2018 (US$) 220710 Undenatured ethyl alcohol, of actual alcoholic strength of >= 80% - 425,499,000 901890 Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical or veterinary sciences, n.e.s. 51,312,000 321,870,000 620342 Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts, of cotton (excluding ... 32,165,000 316,824,000 100630 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed 10,737,000 282,354,000 170199 Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form (excluding cane and beet sugar ... 271,302,000 630260 Toilet linen and kitchen linen, of terry towelling or similar terry fabrics of cotton (excluding ... 42,360,000 267,877,000 270900 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude 262,067,000 271019 Medium oils and preparations, of petroleum or bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, ... 235,930,000 610910 T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or crocheted 27,886,000 214,817,000 611595 Full-length or knee-length stockings, socks and other hosiery, incl. footwear without applied ... 17,758,000 197,009,000 8 of the 10 high potential exports already benefit from 0% tariffs under GSP+. The two products that don’t are rice and sugar which are unlikely to receive preferential treatment even under an FTA *Theoretical potential from diverting Pakistan’s existing exports from other countries to meet Germany’s imports, ignoring competitiveness and tariffs

ACTUAL IMPORTS IN 2018 (US$) Pakistan’s Theoretical Potential* for Additional Imports from the Germany, 2017 Top 10 Potential Products (HS 06). Aggregate theoretical potential is $10.6 BN HS CODE ACTUAL IMPORTS IN 2018 (US$) POTENTIAL IMPORTS IN 2018 (US$) 271019 Medium oils and preparations, of petroleum or bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, ... 2,776,000 3,112,842,000 271012 Light oils and preparations, of petroleum or bituminous minerals which >= 90% by volume "incl. ... 7,000 3,022,530,000 720449 Waste and scrap of iron or steel (excluding slag, scale and other waste of the production of ... 8,703,000 940,543,000 851712 Telephones for cellular networks "mobile telephones" or for other wireless networks 9,000 833,065,000 720441 Turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings of iron ... 8,042,000 566,664,000 870321 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. ... 38,000 542,068,000 390210 Polypropylene, in primary forms 64,000 539,074,000 720839 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, in coils, simply ... 6,000 441,044,000 854140 Photosensitive semiconductor devices, incl. photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in ... 415,000 389,181,000 300490 Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, ... 85,525,000 347,271,000 In the high potential imports of Pakistan from the UK, most products already face tariffs similar to those faced by Pakistan’s FTA partners *Theoretical potential from switching imports from existing sources to Germany exporters, ignoring competitiveness and tariffs