Fig. 2 Heroin addiction contrasted with methadone maintenance.

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Fig. 2 Heroin addiction contrasted with methadone maintenance. Heroin addiction contrasted with methadone maintenance. (A) Difference in plasma protein binding and metabolism results in substantially different pharmacokinetic profiles and bioavailability for heroin versus methadone (55). (B) Prototypic administration pattern and subjective state for heroin versus methadone. Multiple doses of heroin are self-administered daily to achieve a state of “high” (euphoria) or, in cases with a depleted supply, to avoid a feeling of “sick” (withdrawal). Methadone, at steady state with single daily administration, leads neither to subjective states of high nor sick (43). M. J. Kreek et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax9140 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).