Effect of isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance fluid therapy on urine output, fluid balance, and electrolyte homeostasis: a crossover study in fasting.

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Effect of isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance fluid therapy on urine output, fluid balance, and electrolyte homeostasis: a crossover study in fasting adult volunteers N Van Regenmortel, T De Weerdt, A.H. Van Craenenbroeck, E Roelant, W Verbrugghe, K Dams, M.L.N.G. Malbrain, T Van den Wyngaert, P.G. Jorens British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 118, Issue 6, Pages 892-900 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex118 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Cumulative urine volume (primary end point) and fluid balance over the course of each study period. Black lines are individual observations per subject. Coloured lines are the marginal means estimated using the mixed effects model; the shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. Dashed lines are predicted values at 48 h (t48). §Outlier with exaggerated natriuresis; see text for details. The positive fluid balance at t0 is attributable to oral fluid intake (see Table 1). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 118, 892-900DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex118) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Physiological factors involved in the regulation of effective circulating volume. In-graph P-values are for the difference between the two fluids. #Significantly different from t0 on a fluid-specific level (P<0.05). Coloured lines indicate the median value at t0 for each fluid. For representational purposes, urinary sodium and osmolality are the raw data shown as fractional polynomial prediction plots; shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 118, 892-900DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex118) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Physiological factors involved in osmoregulation. In-graph P-values are for difference between fluids. #Significantly different from t0 on a fluid-specific level (P<0.05). Coloured lines indicate median value at t0 for each fluid. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 118, 892-900DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex118) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Serum concentration of various electrolytes and strong ion difference (SID) over the course of both study periods. In-graph P-values are for the difference between the two fluids. #Significantly different from t0 on a fluid-specific level (P<0.05). Black dashed lines represent the normal range of the electrolytes. Coloured lines indicate the median value at t0 for each fluid. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 118, 892-900DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex118) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions